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EI

mI Sen ee EN LU

Sesegneeanesenieseseeu sees eT anemee Leen eee

re | r) una ee aac bo a-Lx editie RESULTATS DES EXPLORATIONS S

ZOOLOGIQUES, BOTANIQUES, OCEANOGRAPHIQUES ET GEOLOGIQUES | Pe

ENTREPRISES AUX - INDES NEERLANDAISES ORIENTALES en 1899—1900,

a bord du SILBOGA

SOUS LE COMMANDEMENT DE G. F. TYDEMAN , ; pas PUBLIES PAR 1 HE MAX WEBER

sr ontaiesanrpcsiewoeaom oe yeee{| SLHONOPHORA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

*II; Le bateau et son équipement scientifique, G. F. Tydeman,

*J1J. Résultats hydrographiques, G. F. Tydeman. : IV. Foraminifera, F. W. Winter. BY *IVéis. Xenophyophora, F. E. Schulze.

__V. Radiolaria, M. Hartmann. —

Bernie seid so ALBERTINE D. LENS and THEA VAN RIEMSDIJK

* VIII. Stylasterina, S. J. Hickson'et Mlle H. M. England. “*IX. Siphonophora, Miles Lens et van Riemsdijk. Utrecht. *X, Hydromedusae, O. Maas. *XI. Scyphomedusae, O. Maas. ‘ *XII. Ctenophora, Mile F. Moser. With 24 plates and 52 textfigures * XIII. Gorgonidae, Alcyonidae, J. Versluys et S.J. Hickson’). ; XIV. Pennatulidae, S. J. Hickson. XV. Actiniaria, P. Mc Murrich. . ————e *XVI. Madreporaria, A. Alcock") et L. Doderlein. . XVII. Antipatharia, A. J. van Pesch. XVII. Turbellaria, L. von Graff et R. R. von Stummer. Fs XIX. Cestodes, J. W. Spengel. Monographie IX of: *XX, Nematomorpha, H. I. Nierstrasz. = *XXI. Chaetognatha, G. H. Fowler. XXII. Nemertini, A. A. W. Rubrecht.

AXE Myzosiomilae, R. R. von Stummer. UITKOMSTEN OP ZOOLOGISCH,

XXIV!. Polychaeta errantia, R. Horst.

ee mec a inc ee Mee BOTANISCH, OCEANOGRAPHISCH EN GEOLOGISCH GEBIED

*XXVL. Enteropneusta, J. W. Spengel. *XXVIdis. Pterobranchia, S. F. Harmer. XXVII. Brachiopoda, J. F. van Bemmelen. . 3 ss eas es XXVIIL Polyzoa’ 8. P. Harmer. verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-Indié 1899—1900 XXIX. Copepoda, A. Scott. :

eATVHV EAPO NN SS

Aid Slo i Sl WI Ni i NIA IS SN Wo ees

EMAUZEalERalennletavctalelalctaletavelalctaclaiotauslactalrtalinbalvclaiclalctaleWalictaictallstaictalclallcl

_ * XXX. Ostracoda, G. W. Miiller. : . 2 | #*XXXL_ Cirrhipedia, B. P. C. Hoek’). aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commando van XXXII. Isopoda, H. J. Hansen. Luitenant ter zee 1e kl. G. F. TYDEMAN

XXXII. Amphipoda, Ch. Pérez. i * XXXIV. Caprellidae, P. Mayer. . XXXV. Stomatopoda, H. J. Hansen. : UITGEGEVEN DOOR *XXXVI. Cumacea, W. T. Caliman. XXXVII. Schizopoda, H. J. Hansen.

XXXVI. Sergestidae, H. J. Hansen. MAX W E XXXIX. Decapoda, J. G. de Man. Dr. 3 EBER s XL. Pantopoda, J. C. C. Loman. Prof. in Amsterdam, Leider der Expeditie

XLI. Halobatidae, J. Th. Oudemans. * XLII. Crinoidea, L. Doderlein') et C. Vaney.- *XLIII. Echinoidea, J. C. H. de Meijere. *XLIV. Holothurioidea, C. Ph. Sluiter. *XLV. Ophiuroidea, R. Kohler. XLVI. Asteroidea, L. Déderlein. *XLVIT. Solenogastres, H. F. Nierstrasz.

Rear eenie, = ee ae chepman (met medewerking van de Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig | XLIX2. Prosobranchia parasitica, H. F. Nierstrasz et M. M. Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Kolonién) 2 aca R. Bergh. (Schepman.

AR Nie xl ta Rie Ni Re A Re

*LI. ghd a Bad _ J. Tesch.

*LII. Pteropoda, J oe iesote

Lill. Lamellibranchiata. P. Pelseneer et Ph. Dautzenberg. *LIV. Scaphopoda, Mile M. Boissevain.

LV. Cephalopoda, L. Joubin.

*LVI. Tunicata, C. Ph. Sluiter et J. E. W. Ihle'). SS LVII. Pisces, Max Weber. LVIII. Cetacea, Max Weber.

LIX. Liste des algnes, Mme A. Weber.

*LX. Halimeda, Mile B.S. Barton. (Mme Bf. S. Gepp). *LXI. Corallinaceaey Mme A, Weber ef M. Foslie.

LXIT. Codiaceae, A. et Mme B.S. Gepp. LXIL. Dinoflagellata. Coccosphaeridae, J. P. Lotsy.

LXIV. Diatomaceae, J. P. Lotsy. RPE LXV. Deposita marina, O. B. Béggild. BOEKHANDEL EN DRUKKERIJ LXVI. Résultats géologiques, A. Wich F abel Boar noes ici ey Sea uc Oe

| ee LEIDEN

fe PTYr TT s Veer ee eee ee ee

-STud sae todd AeA

Oo

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Publié Mai 1908 * Les numéros avec un astérique ont déja paru; ceux marqués 1) seulement en, partie

is

De Maatschappij ter bevordeing van het Naomi Onderzcks Kolonién.

Het Ministerie van Kolonién. aR . és ; Ru ny Het Ministerie van Binnenlandsche Zales sce ego Py ets | Het Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap »Natura, Artis Magistra”™ te De »Oostersche Handel en Reeder te Amsterdam. e POMS

M. B. te Amsterdam:

Siboga-Expeditie

UITKOMSTEN

OP

LILINTNCT, BINNIE, OCEANGRAPESTTL EN GEDLOGISCE GLE

VERZAMELD IN

NEDERLANDSCH OOST-INDIE 1899—1900

AAN BOORD H. M. SIBOGA ONDER COMMANDO VAN Luitenant ter zee 1* kl. G. F. TYDEMAN UITGEGEVEN DOOR Dr. MAX WEBER

Prof. in Amsterdam, Leider der Expeditie

(met medewerking van de Maatschappij ter bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Kolonién)

0S <<

BOEKHANDEL EN DRUKKERIJ

IDS de dave Ie b, LEIDEN

Siboga-Expeditie

|Z 1

THE SIPHONOPHORA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

BY

ALBERTINE D. LENS axp

U

THEA VAN RIEMSDUK

I

With 24 plates and 52 textfigures

LATE KH. J. BRILL PUBLISHERS AND PRINTERS LEYDEN — 1908

THE SIPHONOPHORA OF THE SIBOGA EXPEDITION

BY

ALBERTINE D. LENS and THEA VAN RIEMSDIJK,

Utrecht.

Je IR) o, 18 Wat CAB

The enormous difficulties which accompany any attempt at systematic definition and description of preserved specimens of the very delicate SzAhonophora have been forcibly insisted upon by Cuun in the preface to his work on the Siphonophores of the Plankton expedition (1897). These difficulties are increased by the fact that the different forms and species are as yet in so many respects still very imperfectly known and have often been insufficiently described.

Moreover the literature of the subject is already very extensive (120 different titles are cited in our list) and many articles are neither lucid nor exhaustive. Papers that have been written by authors who have examined living specimens are often very difficult to interpret for those wo find themselves restricted to observations on preserved material.

We have attempted to become acquainted with the specimens of former expeditions as far as they are yet to be found in the different Museums. Of the Challenger S:Ahonophora the British Museum contains no further remnants than a certain number of specimens of Ahodalia

miranda Hkl. Of all the other species described in Harcxer’s bulky volume also of his

own private collection — no traces are left.

We were informed by the Curator, Mr. R. Kirxparrick, that Prof. Harcker had written to him, that a great number had been submitted to anatomical investigation and that the rest had been in an unsatisfactory state of preservation. This may explain their present deficiency.

We have also examined specimens that are contained in the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris, in the Berlin Museum, in the Museum at Leipzig University and in the Museum of

Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. and in the aquaria of the Zoological Station at Naples.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE IX. zy

2

We wish to thank Sir Epwix Ray Lanxester, Profs. E. Perrier, F. E. Scaurze, C. Cuun, A. Acassiz and Ant. Donrn for their valued permission to carry out such examination and Messrs. KirkpATRIcK, Jousin, Erstc, Mayer and Lo Branco for their personal assistance.

All this has made us very diffident whenever the question of instituting new species or genera arose. Among the Physonecta we have distinguished four groups which may possibly contain a certain number of new species, sufficiently distinct the one from the other, but which we refrain from introducing into science under separate specific names so long as they have not been examined in the living state. We have not adopted the same plan for all the 4000 specimens of which the Siboga collection consists, although we must admit that about 600 of these are too damaged or too insufficiently preserved to allow of even an attempt at specific determination, many Cadycophorids being moreover represented only by loose special nectophores, bracts, gonocalyces or inferior nectophores. In some cases we must recognize that our descriptions can be no more than provisional.

On the other hand we feel justified in looking upon our new genera Clausophyes, Chunt- plies, Diphyabyla and Archangelopsis as more definitely established and have no doubt that it will not be difficult to recognize them among the harvest that future expeditions may garner.

Besides these genera we have described 18 new species, some of which — more especially the eleven new Calycophorids — are very much in want of confirmatory observations.

One new subfamily has presented itself to us (Dzphyabylinae); to one family (Lathy- physidae) we have secured its definite right of existence in the system. Finally we feel justified in proposing the total suppression of the order of Awvonectae (Haeckel) and the arrangement of the genera belonging to it in the family of the Axgeldae, which was introduced by FEWKES in 1884. This is undoubtedly of some importance also from a more general point of view.

Finally we wish to express our thanks to Prof. Husrecur for the hospitality afforded to us in his laboratory during the four years that we have been occupied with this collection and for his kind help and advice on so many occasions.

As to Prof. Weser, we hope that he will not regret having entrusted the working up of the Siphonophora of his eminently fruitful expedition to our inexperienced hands. The responsibility he has laid upon us has been a constant stimulus, the confidence shown to us an invaluable source of energy for the completion of an arduous but inspiring task.

CHAPTER, f.

ReOrdo: -‘CALYCORHORA Lt. +54:

Fam. Monopuyipae Cls. 74.

Subfam. Cymbonectinae Hkl. 88.

Doramasia Ch. 1. Doramasia pictoides nov. spec. Pl. I, fig. 1.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Caz. 42 A (I) formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Cun (92) has given a very clear and accurate description of a Monophyid (found by him n ’88 close to the Canary Islands) having the shape of a true Dzphyzd but differing from the whole family of Dzphyidae by the total absence of any second nectophore, and has called it Doramasia picta. During several consecutive days he observed about forty live specimens. None of these ever developed a second nectophore, nor was there the slightest indication of the growth of a bud, which might have developed into one (92 page 95).

As we only had preserved material it is ever so much more difficult to come to any positive conclusion about the presence or absence of a nectophore-bud in our Doramasta pictoides.

It is however very remarkable that among the thousand and more (all Dzphyzd-like) superior nectophores collected by the Siboga expedition there is only one, and a very tiny one, which shows so clearly the naked stem devoid of any other appendages but a terminal group consisting of a siphon, a tentacle and a bud sitting closely together (Pl. I, fig. 1). This bud cannot be a future second nectophore as it is situated too far from the implantation of stem and somatocyst and much closer to the siphon. Moreover the siphon is probably quite mature and the development of the bud could not but have followed very soon.

As Cuun calls the Dzphyidlike Monophyidae Doramasia, there is no reason why we should not use the same generic name. The specific details differ however too much — always taken as granted that our specimen is a true JZonophyid — to allow us to use the name “fzcfa”’. We therefore wish to call our Doramasia “pictoides” thereby indicating the relation which exists

between these two probably closely allied Monophyids. But if later explorations bring to light

4

that Doramasia pictoides 1s a Diphyid, we should place it near to our new species Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbaurt (see page 46).

Nectophore. Length + 5'/, mm.

The nectophore is of a pyramidal shape and is five-edged, the ridges meeting very closely in the apex. In this respect the species Dovamasia picta of Cuun (92) shows the same structure. Each ridge is elegantly serrated, yet more so at the top and at the base of the nectophore and goes straight downwards without any winglike enlargement in the upper third part of the nectophore. The dorsal and antero-lateral ridges end each in a slightly inflexed point.

Cuun (92) tells us how the point of the dorsal ridge in his specimen is one third longer than the antero-lateral ones.

In Doramasia pictoides the three points are of equal length. (Pl. I, fig. 1).

The difference in length between the right antero-ventral and postero-ventral points and the left antero-ventral and postero-ventral ones is clearly marked. In Doramasia ficta the antero-ventral differ only slightly from each other, while the postero-ventral are of equal length according to Cuun’s figure (92 Plate IX, fig. 9).

The inferior ridges connecting these anterior and posterior ventral points are decidedly concave; the same is the case in CHUN’s specimen.

The whole inferior part of the nectophore is beautifully regularly serrated, the same as in D. picta.

Nectosac.

The nectosac is a cylindrical tube, widening itself very gradually towards the distal point of the nectophore. There is no question of a sudden narrowing of the nectosac as Cuun finds in his Afonophyid. He says that this caecal extremity of the nectosac is a characteristic of the genus (92 page 93) but we shall describe further on how much variety there exists in the more or less narrowing of the nectosacs in Dzphyeds. And there is no reason why these transitions should not occur in MJonophyids quite as well. At any rate we do not find it characteristic enough to make a new genus only on this account.

Canals of the nectosac.

The canals of the nectosac are not well preserved enough to give any clear description. In fact the entire wall of the nectosac has undergone much alteration by the preservative fluid. This is probably the reason why we could not find any ‘Gefassplatte’ at the ventral wall, as Cuun describes in DY. fzcta. (92 page 93).

Hydroecium.

The hydroecium is situated in the third lower part of the nectophore; it is campanulate and its aperture is quadrilateral, the ridges being slightly concave as is said above. Cuun’s figure 3 of plate VIII (92) shows us the somewhat higher implantation of the somatocyst.

Somatocyst.

The somatocyst is narrow and_ subcylindrical, it accompanies the nectosac and ends

somewhat below the apex of the latter. Stem. The stem is very short. Immediately below the somatocyst there is no bud. Its only

5 appendages consist of a mature or nearly mature siphon and tentacle (both tentacle and tentilla being very indistinctly preserved) and a bud, (PI. I, fig. 1 é7gon) the probably future gonophore and bract.

This primary group of appendages has therefore arrived at the stage which Cuun (92) calls “zweites Stadium” (pag. 98). This very tiny little A/onophyid is, as is said above, not well preserved enough to make out definitely whether it is really a specimen belonging to this sub-family or not.

As soon as other Diphyid-like Monophyids will be found, perhaps it will be possible to give a definite place in the system to the Siboga specimen which we called provisionally

Doramasia pictordes. Through carelessness the only specimen of Doramasia pictoides was unfortunately destroyed;

happily text and sketches were ready when this occurred.

Ersaea Ch.

2. Ersaea Bojani Eschsch. 25.

= Eudoxia Bojani Eschsch. 25. = Eudoxia Bojanit Huxl. 59. = Lrsaea Bojanit Chun 88.

= LErsaea picta Chun 92.

Stat. 50. Bay of Badjo. West coast of Flores. Cat. 166 C. H. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 66. Bank between islands of Bahuluwang and Tambolungan South of Saleyer. Caz. 140 E. alc. go0°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 121. Menado-anchorage. Cat. 39 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 F. formald. 4°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 138. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Caz. 172 D. formald. 4°/,- One complete, 2 incomplete specimens.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée (Damar-)island. Cat. 122 B. formald. Ages complete, one incomplete specimen.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North east side of Daram-island. (False Pisangs) East coast of Misool. Cat. 164 M. formald. 4°/,. One complete, one incomplete specimen.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 A. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 169. Anchorage of Atjatuning, West coast of New-Guinea. Cat. 55 A. formald. Age: 4 specimens.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cas. 42 E. formald. 4°/.. Ig complete, 2 incomplete specimens.

Stat. 189%. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46 E. Cat. 65 D.H. formald. 4°/,. One complete, one incomplete specimen.

Stats 104 at-(1-53-5 o:, Long. 126730) Es Caz. 23: A.D. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

StateezO st ledta 3232 515.) WonceieAe ihn a Oz7za126/ Aw alc. go°/,. 17 specimens.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West coast of Binongka. Cat. 144 A. alc. go0°/,. 8 spec.

Stat. 223. Lat. 5°44'.7S., Long. 126°27'.3 E. Cat. 31 A. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

The description of Escuscnortz and his figures of this Ersaea (Eudoxia) Bojani in 25 and 29 are clear enough for the general aspect of this species, but details are not mentioned. Huxtey (59) gives a very short description of one specimen caught on the South coast of New Guinea and refers to Escuscuorrz. Plate III, fig. 7 and 7a of his work are of much value

for further investigators.

6

Cun (88) only just mentions the appearance of Zysaea (Eudoxta) Bojanz in the material of the Canary Islands. He has therefore acknowledged the similarity with Huxrey’s and ~ EscuscHoLtz’ pacific specimens, by using the same specific denomination.

In 92 he first proposes (page 99) “die Benennung Ersaea (Eudoxia) Bojani der pacifischen “Eudoxiengruppe zu belassen und die atlantische Gruppe als Lyrsaea ficta zu bezeichnen”. Furtheron he tries to show specific differences between these two Ersaeids.

Fig. 6 (page 101) and fig. 7 (page 109) of his work do show differences between £rsaca picta and Ersaea Bojani. Cuun on page 1o1 tells us, when he describes the bract of Z. pzcta that sometimes ‘gelegentlich neben dem Mittelzahn der Rand mit scharferen Zahnchen aus- “cestattet ist’’.

As soon as this serrated part near the middle-tooth is not visible in some of the specimens, the extraordinary resemblance between fig. 6 and 7 is only too clear, always as concerns the outline of the bract.

We have copied these two figures of Cuun’s and

laid them one on the other, the dotted outlines belong to Ersaca Bojani, the black to Lyrsaea picta. One sees how especially the basal part of the one nearly fits on the other (textfig. 1).

The phyllocyst of Zrsaea ficta is absolutely rounded superiorly, nearly eggshaped; that of Ersaea Bojani is drawn out proximally on the right side of the bract into a more or less tubular canal, which ends sometimes obtusely. This would indeed be a good characteristic difference between these two species, if the Siboga expedition had not brought

Fig. 1. The sketches given by Cuun 92 of | material in which there are not only Cuun’s types of fig. 6 Ersaea bojani Wuxi. (dotted lines) and of : peace pire Cheieaeeenosed: and 7 but also many gradations from one to the other. We just give the outlines of the phyllocyst of 5 specimens in our material which clearly show the transition from the Arsaea ficta to the Ersaea Bojani-type (textfigures 2—6).

In this way we do not find any reason for not throwing together Avsaea Bojani and Eysaea picta, keeping the oldest name, given by Escuscnorrz as the definite one.

Part of Cnun’s description is, as far as we can make out, not quite consequent. When he speaks (on page 99) of using two different specific names for atlantic and pacific Ersaeids, and when furtheron he tries to show the differences in structure between both species, he never ought to have said on page 109 (speaking of material of Aysaea Bojanz, caught between the Sandwich Islands and the Carolines, real pacific material) ‘Was ihre Grosse, die Form des “Deckstiickes und die Gestalt der Spezialschwimmglocke anbelangt, so stimmen die Exemplare “so vollkommen mit den atlantischen Ersiéen iiberein, dass ich auf eine eingehendere Schilderung “die nur Bekanntes wiederholen wiirde, verzichte’’. And then he speaks of the differences between Ersaea picta and Bojani. We tried in vain to find out exactly what he means.

7 The Siboga expedition collected 56 complete specimens, 4 loose bracts and 2 loose special nectophores. It is useless to give any detailed description as CHun gave a very clear one of the special nectophores, the stem and its appendages and our specimens do not differ

in the essential points from the Atlantic Ersaea Bojani.

Figg. 2—6. Gradual transitions from the Zysaea picta-type of phyllocysts into the Ersaca dojani-type after specimens of Ersaea bojani Huxl. in the Siboga material. (Cat. 42 E, 42 E, 172 E, 42 E, 134M) 10 X.

We have spoken about the slow graduation from the Eysaea picta to the Ersaca Bojant- type in the phyllocyst, as is also shown in figg. 2—6 of the text. We may only just add that the serration of the outer wall of the bract shows so many variations that it is absolutely useless

to give a description of these sixty bracts.

Halopyramis Chun.

3. Halopyramts adamantina Ch.

? Enneagonum Q. et G. 27.

? Diphyes Q. et G. 33.

? Cymba Eschsch. 29.

Enneagonum de Bl. 34.

Enneagonum Less. 43.

Abyla Huxl. 59.

Cymba crystallus Hkl. 88a and 886.

= Halopyramis adamantina Ch. 88 and g2.

|

|

|

|

|

Stat. 89. Pulu Kaniungan Ketjil. Caz. 48 C. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 106. Anchorage of Kapul-island, Sulu-Archipelago. Cat. 91 A. formald. 4°/.. 2 specimens.

Stat. 141. Lat. 1°0.4S., Long. 127°25'.3 E. Cat. 44 F.A. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakié-(Damar-)island. Caz. 122 I. formald. 4°/.. One specimen.

Stat. 210%. Lat. 5°26'S., Long. 121° 18’ E. Cat. 139. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Cuboides Q. et G. 4. Cuboides adamantina Ch. 88.

= Cuboides vitreus Q. et G. 27. = Diphyes cuboides Q. et G. 33- —= Cymba cuboides Eschsch. 29. = Cuboides vitreus Huxl. 59.

= Cuboides adamantina Ch. 88. = Cuboides crystallus Hkl. 886. = Cuboides adamantina Ch. 92.

Stat. 109. Anchorage off Pulu Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 34 C.B. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 112. Lat: 3°1 N:, Long. 12272 E> Gaz or B. formald-sac/en 7 specimens.

Stat. 141. at. 1°0.4S., Long. 127°25 3 EB. (Gaz. aa BAS formald. 4y/--. 3) specimens.

Stat. 143: Lat. 1°4°.5'S, Wongs 127° 52 B-(Ga 86 Pesales90s/=2uspecimens:

Stat. 146. Lat. 0° 36’S., Long. 128°32'.7 E. Cat. 64 A. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 148. Lat. 0°17’.6S., Long. 129°14'.5 E. Cat. 160 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 P. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 169. Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New Guinea. Caz. 55 C. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

The seven specimens of Hadlopyramis adamantina Ch. are all very badly preserved, although in formaldehyd 4°/,. Generally all the Siphonophores of this collection that have been preserved in formaldehyd are in a very much better condition than those that were kept in alcohol 9o0°/... Cuun has given such a excellent description and such beautiful drawings (92 Pl. XI, figg. 1—4) both of Halopyramis and Cuédoides that it is not necessary for us to make sketches of our very imperfect material nor to enter into any detailed description. We may add however that our specimens of /Za/ofyramzs are much smaller (length 7 mm., breadth 5 mm., while Cuun’s specimens measured 1 cm. in length and 1 cm. in breadth) than Cuun’s Atlantic forms.

The twenty-four specimens of Cadotdes adamantina are for one half preserved in alcohol (and all these are hardly worth mentioning) and for the other half in formaldehyd. Some of these latter are not too bad for drawing from. Not only the /Zalopyramis was smaller than Cuun’s Atlantic Halopyramis, but the same is the case with its eudoxids. All the Czéozdes adamantina of the Siboga expedition attained only half the size of the Atlantic ones (breadth 4 mm., length 4 mm., Cuun gives the measure of 1 cm. breadth and length and 5,8 mm. for the smaller ones).

For a fuller description of this J/onophyid we refer to Cuun’s work (92).

Ceratocymba asymmetrica nov. spec. Clausophyes galeata nov. gen. et nov. spec. Chuniphyes multidentata nov. gen. et nov. spec.

The following three species all of which are new (two of them constituting new genera)

belong to those Szphonophora to which we cannot for the present give any definite place in

A

Mr. le Prof. MAX WHHBEHR

EERBEEK, (Pays-Bas).

EXPEDITION DU STBOGA.

Ci-joint j'ai Phonneur de vous faire parvenir un exemplaire des Résultats des explorations de l’expédition du Siboga.

Livraison 38.

MAX WEBER.

EERBEEK, le 30 Mai 1908.

ACCUSE RECEPTION:

(Signature)

§@S~ On est prié de bien vouloir renvoyer ce billet, en signe de la bonne arrivée

de l’envoi.

S

the system. We describe them between the Monophyidae and Diphyidae although we do not mean to attach any value to this provisiory position. They must be regarded as quite different from both families. Nor is there any mutual relation between the three species, which we are going to describe separately.

Still they had to be placed somewhere but it should be borne in mind that the position

here assigned to them is absolutely provisional.

Ceratocymba Ch. 5. Ceratocymba asymmetrica nov. spec. Pl. I, figg. 2—5. = Ceratocymba sagittata Bedot 1904.

Stat. 106. Anchorage of Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 91 Q. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Statql/isen lator n7-O.o leone 129, 14.5 Gaza 59) Bs alc. go7/,. One) specimen:

Side 203 mleataree Goan Oem lonom l2dAa ns sibGar. 126) Bs alc. OOr/-. 3) Specimens:

Stat. 215". West 1000 M. distant from North point of Kabia-island reef. Caz. 128 F. alc. 90°). One specimen.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 C. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

This new species of the very doubtful genus Ceratocyméa is represented by three complete specimens and five loose bracts.

It differs from the Ceratocyméa’s, hitherto described (by Quoy and Garmarp 27, CHUN 88, 97a, Bepor 1904, etc.) by the absolute asymmetrical structure of the bract.

We had much difficulty in giving any name to this species, as Quoy and Garmarp’s description of Cyméa sagittata (27) and Cuun’s (88) of Ceratocymba spectabclis (which a few years later (97a) he calls Ceratocyméba sagittata again, as he felt pretty sure about the identity of Quoy and Garmarp’s material and his own) are very far from being sufficiently clear. Still Quoy and Gaimarp’s, and Cuwn’s text denote so many differences from our specimens, that we were really puzzled to find any resemblance with Ceratocyméa at all. (The name Cymdéa had been abolished by Cuun as it had been used for a Mollusk before Quoy and Gaimarp’s time).

It was at the same time impossible to reconstruct this Ceratocyméa only by the two texts and it is a great pity, that CHun gave no sketches at all, although this type had not been found again since Quoy and Garmarp’s time.

To help us out of this difficulty, Prof. CHun was kind enough to send us a splendid complete specimen of Ceratocyméa sagittata. At the same time he took the trouble to write to us: “Ich méchte nur bemerken, dass die Deckstiicke ziemlich variabel sind; bald sind die “hornartigen Fortsatze lang, bald kurz und dadurch erscheint das Deckstiick bei einigen Formen “breit, bei anderen schmaler’”’. Comparing his specimen and his text of 88 with our own specimens, there is too much conformity with Ceratocyméa not to use the same generic name, but the asymmetrical shape, the shape of the phyllocyst and its comparative smallness, force us to use a new specific denomination, for which we chose ‘asymmetrica”’.

Bepor 1904 has published a figure of a Ceratocyméa caught in the Atlantic which is

to our opinion absolutely identical with our Ceratocymba. He supposes it to be the Ceratocyméa

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE IX. x

10

sagittata as Cuun described it. For the reasons, stated above, we think it right to maintain our specific determination “asymmetrica”. Brpor’s specimens assuredly possess this same structure, though this is not indicated by him. We are sure that as soon as Cuun publishes figures of his Ceratocymba sagittata, every one will be struck by the differences which exist in his Ceratocyméa and in Brepor’s and ours.

We know no more than Cuun or Bepor, which relation this unknown Lzdoxzd bears to other Siphonophores. The material of the Siboga expedition did not throw any light on this matter.

As Bepor’s description is very incomplete and short, we thought it necessary to give some details of the structure of the bract, which was very well preserved in our specimen. The same cannot be said of the gonocalyx.

We will first describe the bract and show the differences with the other Ceratocyméa,

of which not one specimen was caught by the Siboga expedition.

Je S? ‘ d é : s h (oN e d 7a e 9 c i. 77u b ” d 10. £ J 8b a File ay ’ a” a” (aoe

Figg. 7—11. Ceratocymba asymmetrica nov. sp. Different facets of the phyllocyst. Fig. 7: facet A, Fig. 8a: facet B, Fig. 84: facet C, Fig. 9: facet D, Fig. 10: facet E, Fig. 11: facet F. Figg. 7—11 X 5.

The Bract, Length 7—8 mm. Breadth 4'/,—6'/, mm.

The bract of Ceratocymba asymmetrica is composed of six facets.

On the top is an irregularly four-sided facet called A (textfig. 7), of which the angles are blunt: (@/, 0% c, @ ).

The facet A has an oblique position. The angle @’ is situated more to the dorsal side of the bract than the angles @ and 6’ and these on their part form the gradual transition towards the absolute ventral position of the angles c’ and d¢’. The most proximal ridge f (between ¢’ and @’) is longest, a little curved. The next in length is ridge e. If the bract had been sym- metrical, ridge e would have been divided into two halves, each having the same length as

the ridges g and # and the facet would have been regularly 5-sided. Ridge g and # are a

little curved and convex.

This facet A is situated on the top of the bract.

On the ventral side we see a facet B (see textfig. 8a) of which / is the upper ridge. Opposite f is ridge & which is somewhat longer but it is not regularly shaped. In the middle it is very much notched. This may possibly be an effect of preservation as the bracts of

Ceratocyméa are very delicate and each facet thin and membranous.

Il

The two lateral ridges ¢ and @ have not a straight course as the two ridges (f and #) which they unite are not of equal length. Their course is gradually divergent from top to bottom.

The position of facet C is rather difficult to make clear. It is not a true facet but serves at the same time to protect siphon, tentacle and gonocalyx. Proximally it is a true cavity, hollowed out between the dorsal facets, facet D and E, and the ventral facet B. The upper ridge (we may call it ridge, as long as it is a clear definite line separating two facets one from the other) is called m. It is curved, meets the ridges ¢ and d@ in the angles d” and ¢” and goes gradually to the centre of the bract, leaving the surface and is quite imbedded in the centre of the gelatinous substance (see Pl. I, fig. 4).

It is only ridge m which is a true ridge, not belonging to any other facet. So the other outline of facet C will be described by the dorsal facets D and E.

It is clear that facet B and C together constitute the ventral side of the bract.

The dorsal side cannot be described without the lateral ones, as there are three facets and the asymmetry is very marked.

As was said above the asymmetry appears on the right side of the bract.

The ridge going down from the angle & is called 4. It is the dorsal ridge of a four- sided facet called F. This facet is limited on the opposite (the ventral) side proximally by ridge c (angles ¢’ and ¢”) and distally by ridge 7. Ridge 7 is very much longer and curved; it unites the much longer ridge 4 to ridge ¢ which is shorter.

Ridge 4 is at the same time the left lateral ridge of the fifth facet E (textfig. 10), which is also irregularly four-sided, its proximal ridge % being the shortest. The other ridges are a (on the right lateral (= dorsal) side) and posteriorly 2 They are both slightly convex and a little serrated at the angle (a) where they meet. The angle 7’ (connecting ridge 6 and Z) is also a little serrated.

Of course there exists the same difference in position between the angles 6’ and a’, and 7’ and a”.

The last facet D (textfigure 9) is one composed quite probably of two.

It consists of ridge a@ on the left (dorsal) side, ridge e proximally and ridge d on the right (ventral) side; distally we see a ridge x which is very distinctly curved in the middle whereas on the opposite side (facet E) there is the angle 7’. It is this total absence of a ridge that should have begun in the centre of ridge e and have run backwards to meet the curved ridge 2 somewhere in the middle of its length (thus constituting a double facet such as we notice on the left) which makes this bract so absolutely asymmetrical.

We have carefully observed the bracts of this species and we did not find the slightest deviation from this particularity in any one of them. It will now have become a great deal easier to understand the shape of the bract as we have sketched it in Pl. I, figg. 2, 3, 4. We see the different facets as we have described them above.

The Phyllocyst.

The phyllocyst (PI. I, figg. 2, 3, 4 phyd.) bears much resemblance to that of Amphiroa

alata Les. It has the same two wings although longer and narrower; laterally it is flattened

on the ventral side of the bract, and the wings begin at the ventral proximal side. They go

ge

straight across the gelatinous substance and it is clear that the branches are ever so much more ventral than the actual body of the phyllocyst (see Pl. I, fig. 4). The dorsal side of the phyllocyst is convex. Distally it narrows suddenly and ends in a club-shaped narrow tube going straight up to the dorsal side of the bract.

Some of these phyllocysts end in a very narrow more thread-like canal (Pl. I, fig. 4). Unfortunately there is no complete specimen well preserved enough to show the point where the siphon is in connection with the phyllocyst.

The three complete specimens have, unluckily, been preserved very badly. There were gonocalyces but it is impossible to give any description at all of them. Only one is not too unworthy of sketching and this can be said only of the distal part. A sketch of this very imperfect part of Ceratocymba asymmetrica might perhaps be of some use for later researches (PI. I, fig. 5).

Bepor was luckier in this case as he gives a sketch (1904 fig. 1) of a female gonocalyx. The distal part somehow shows some differences, as it seems that the posterior ventral teeth

differ in length whilst this does not occur in our specimen.

Clausophyes nobis.

6. Clausophyes galeata nov. gen. nov. spec. Pl. I, figg. 6, 7, 8. Stat. 118. Lat. 1°38’ N., Long. 124°28'.2E. Cat. 157 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

A single nectophore-like structure, resembling an upper nectophore of a Dzphyzd or one of a Monophyid such as Cuun described (92) was found to be absolutely different from any other Szphonophore described up to this date.

Its length from top to base is 23 mm. and its greatest breadth 13 mm. The outer surface is smooth, its gelatinous substance very soft, such as the jelly in J/onxophyes and in Prayidae. There are two ridges only, but these too are without sharp edges.

This is one of the reasons why we called it Clausophyes, after Ciaus the founder of the family J/onophyedae (TA).

We shall see furtheron in which respects it may be perhaps a J/onophyed, though we cannot find any decisive characteristic and we have provisionally to place C/lausophyes next to another doubtful and incomplete new genus.

Clausophyes is of a pyramidal structure, its top being obtuse; it has no definite ridges (except the two ventral ones) (PI. I, fig. 7). It is rounded exteriorly, compressed laterally. On the dorsal side there is a groove which is most prominent at that side (PI. I, fig. 6) and follows laterally the lines of the nectosac. This looses itself very gradually in the gelatinous substance.

There is a very distinct aperture at the base and anteriorly the contours of a nectosac are seen quite clearly through the jelly. Nothing has been preserved of its wall, but we are quite justified in identifying this campanulate structure with a nectosac. It seems as if on the dorsal side of this new specimen the nectosac approaches quite closely to the outer surface (Pl. I, fig. 6). On the ventral side the contours have become very indistinct and there is no r its precise outline.

o co)

possibility of ascertainin

The aperture is elongated there where in more natural conditions the velum would have

=

13

had its place. At the dorsal side of the nectophore-like structure the jelly is thicker; this gradually diminishes. At this point it is rounded; furtheron, more ventrally, it seems as if it becomes ruffled twice. Quite at the ventral basal part of the Clauwsophyes the walls end into two separated curved projections which stand out ventrally. The left point has been destroyed (see ventral fig. 7). Near this point it is not possible to find the contour of the aperture, as little as the ventral wall of the nectosac.

Seen from the ventral side we find many extraordinary characteristics (Pl. I, fig. 7).

First of all it is to be noted that the hydroecial canal (as we may justly call it) is absolutely open, a particularity only known for Gad/eolarids and then only in the inferior necto- phores. We do not venture to give any opinion about C/lawsophyes representing a superior or an inferior nectophore. The walls of the hydroecial canal do not touch each other: in some parts they are quite free, in others they are superposed (see ventral fig. 7, Pl. I).

Anteriorly there is situated immediately below the more rounded aperture in the excavation which the two walls have formed, a tiny irregularly shaped structure which magnified 28 times (Pl. I, fig. 8) shows a badly preserved wall. Its contours are anteriorly very clearly designed though the wall itself has withdrawn (see fig. 8). Posteriorly the wall has remained in its place but the outlines are quite as irregular. At its base we see a microscopically fine thread-like canal which is only visible for a small distance and suddenly looses itself, no trace of it being left in the gelatinous substance. As little as we can make out whether this nectophore is superior or inferior, so we are unable to say whether we consider this membranous structure at the top of the nectophore a true somatocyst, or part of the canal which has united superior and inferior nectophore. The bad state of preservation is also one of the causes of our indecision.

If this nectophore should be an inferior one it is certainly one of the very largest that ever was found. But we wonder what the shape of the hydroecial canal of the superior must have been, when we see the rounded obtuse outline of the apex of this nectophore.

Chuniphyes nobis.

7. Chuniphyes multidentata nov. gen. nov. spec. Pl. I, figg. g—11; Pl. Il, figs. es.

/ a5

Stat. 141. Lat. 1°0.45., Long. 127°25'.3 E. Caz. 44 F.I. One superior nectophore and Cat. 44 F.J. One inferior nectophore. formald. 4°/,.

We first describe the superior nectophore. At the same station we found a loose inferior one. There is every reason to believe that these two belong together. Still this conclusion cannot be decisive as it is only the outward resemblance and not any distinct feature, such as a broken canal (which would have connected the two) that was to be found either on the one or the other, by which we are guided. At any rate both nectophores are each of them totally different from any other Szphonophore described up to this date. Chauniphyes is the second of the new genera which have no definite place marked in the system.

Superior nectophore (Pl. I, figg. 10, 11, 12). Length 17 mm., breadth 6 mm. The necto- phore is of a pyramidal shape; the gelatinous substance is crystalline, both soft and elastic.

The ridges stand out clearly as they are prominent and slightly differing in colour from the

14

rest of the jelly; macroscopically they show distinct brownish-coloured outlines. At first sight they resemble in structure the lines which are to be seen along the ridges of dédyla bassensis’ superior and inferior nectophores.

To give a better idea of the position of all these ridges we made sketches of the

different facets.

$e a i aja gt ale b (2 “ ad a (3 e as 2 ve I 14) 1\e3,- 15): 17> 13

Figg. 12—18. Chuniphyes multidentata nov. gen. nov. spec. Facets of the superior nectophore. Fig. 12: facet A, Fig. 13: facet B, Fig. 14: facet B’, Fig. 15: facet C, Fig. 16: facet C’, Fig, 17: facet D, Fig. 18: facet D’. Figg. 12—18: 2 &.

The pyramid consists at the apex of four ridges. To distinguish them we call the dorsal one a’, the right lateral one a’, the left lateral one a/”’, the ventral one a/’. These devide themselves (about 5 mm. from the top) each on the same height as the others into two, and in this way there are soon eight ridges and eight facets. Some of them (see furtheron) are microscopically very delicately serrated.

We begin with the two ridges, which arise from the principal dorsal one (textfig. 12). We call the ridge on the right side a, on the left side a’. All the accents are given to the ridges on the left side of the nectophore, the facets bear the capital letters A, A’, B, B’, C, C’, D, D’.

Facet A (textfig. 12), the most proximally situated facet, consists of the ridges a and a’ and is elongated; at its base is ridge ce. The side-ridges (a and a’) are about 6 times longer than e. Ridge e is straight. The shape of facet A is elongated triangular. On the right and left side of facet A are facet B and B’. They consist (textfigg. 13, 14) of 5 ridges each, a, a’, a”, 6 and f for facet B and a’, a’, a’ and ridge /’ for facet B’.

As a and 6 (and a’ and @’) differ in length at the base, it follows that ridge / (resp. 7’) has an oblique course.

The facets B and B’ do not differ from each other but of course they are not of the same shape as A’, because they are the intermediate facets between the original four ridges; they continue to the top of the nectophore.

Facet C and C’ (textfigg. 15, 16) are three-sided again as facet A is and consist resp. of ridges 6, c and g and 0, ¢ and g”.

The ridges g and g’ are strangely divided into two again and form a line bearing a resemblance to the letter Z.

The facet D and D’ (textfigg. 17, 18) consist of the junction of a/” with ridge ¢ on the right side and of a/” and c’ on the left side. Most ventrally the ridge a/” is the one which connects, partially D and D’. But distally a/” divides itself into @ and d@’. This unison of two

15

ridges is total and the one ridge composed of these two has a convex course. They form with the opposite ones, the outer lines of the hydroecial canal.

Facet A’ is (as may be concluded from the description of its two neighbours D and D’) a very doubtful facet, as we may never speak about a facet when we mean a cavity.

The posterior points, the bases of the longitudinal eight ridges are all very slightly serrated; this is only to be seen by magnifying about 30 times.

This schematical description should be considered as a reconstruction of a nectophore, which through bad preservation (it is very much altered especially a little way under the apex) does not show all the particularities in a normal way.

We spoke of the hydroecial canal which is open from the base to 5 mm. under the apex (length of ridge a’) and we will now try to make clear what the interior of the nectophore is like (PI. I, fig. 9). First of all the contours, the exact position and shape of the nectosac are absolutely invisible. The aperture has probably been between ridge e¢, /f, f’ as g and g’ belong more to the hydroecium, that is to say the antero-ventral part of the nectophore. At the basal and ventral part of the nectophore (immediately below the point where the lateral walls of the hydroecium grow divergent) there is a remarkable structure, which magnified shows the following shape (PI. II, fig. 12).

There are three canals diverging from a central membranous part. The anterior one (Pl. Il, fig. 12 @.c.) goes up to the apex of the nectophore, grows thinner and thinner and disappears, then the contours are still to be seen, though very indistinctly and it seems as if the canal widens first and then narrows again and the canal gets as thread-like as in the beginning and disappears gradually near the top, the exact position not to be found.

The right lateral one (PI. II, fig. 12 7.c.) loses itself almost immediately, the left lateral one (Pl. II, fig. 12 2c.) passes very soon under another appendage and ends abruptly only just appearing on the other side.

This appendage, so strangely divided into three, may we call it a somatocyst?

The stem is not so enigmatical. Its appendages consist of a multitude of buds at the basal undivided part of the so-called somatocyst and the true stem begins at the back side of this same structure. But at this point all the appendages except a few buds, placed on regular intervals one from the other, disappear. In fact every part of stem and appendages is remarkably incomplete.

inferior nectophore. (PL I, figs: 13, 14, 05).

The loose inferior nectophore has the same outward appearance as the superior one, as concern its elasticity and the brownish colour of the prominent ridges.

Its length is 22 mm., its breadth 7 mm.

At its top we see three ridges, a difference with the upper nectophore where there were four.

These three ridges bifurcate on different heights. The dorsal ridge (textfig. 19) of facet A (a) divides itself about 5 mm. from the top and the two side ridges (@ and a’) grow divergent gradually. At the base is ridge @ which is curved, so that the two side ridges end pointed.

The shape of this facet is much the same as the one in the upper nectocalyx. Through the

16

conservation however, a is situated less on the surface than a. In this way the facet thus formed cannot be said to be absolutely dorsal, as it inclines towards the left lateral side.

The facets B and B’ (textfigg. 20, 21) are in this way not of the same shape, as B’ is smaller, more compressed. B is composed of the ridges a’, a’’, a, ¢ and the distal ridge e

’ which is of exactly the same shape a L Zz a al/[\ a= I

Fe as ridge d. The facet B’ consists

of a4, a’, a’, & and é& and is narrower at its base than B. We do not doubt however, that this difference in structure is abnormal and that in living animals the symmetry is maintained.

The last facets C and C’

(textfigg. 22, 23) are composed of

19. e & 20. ae 7

Figg. 19—23. Chuniphyes multidentata nov. gen. nov. spec. Facets of the inferior nectophore. Fig. 19: facet A, Fig. 20: facet B, Fig. 21: facet B’, Fig. 22: facet C, Fig. 23: facet C’. ation c, a very long irregularly

NA

Figg. 19—23: 2 &X.

the ridges resp. a’, its contunu-

shaped ridge which is the margin of the open hydroecial canal, and the posterior ridge which is very convex.

C’ is composed of a/’/, its continuation c’ and the same margin of the hydroecial canal on the left side. The irregular shape is a little different and we find here a wing-like excrescence at the superior part which resembles the same characteristic described by us for some very tiny azphyzd-like loose inferior nectophores (see p. _) (PI. Il, figg. 13, 14, 15).

The hydroecial canal is quite open, from top to base, and this is the reason why the space which would have been used for the fourth facet is entirely taken up by the cavity of the hydroecial canal. We have looked in vain for any definite contours of the nectosac, and the shape of the interior of this inferior nectophore is a mystery. This has been occasioned by bad _ preservation.

The description of the inferior nectophore shows certainly considerable resemblance to the superior one of the same station although the mode of attachment must have been a very

singular one. The two nectophores are, to our opinion, new to the system.

Fam. Dipenyipar Eschscholtz 29.

I. Tribus Oppositae (Prayomorphae) Ch.

Subfam. Prayinae Koll. 53.

The material of the Prayznae in the Siboga expedition is very deficient. They are only four loose nectophores, which through bad preservation have lost all the characteristics which might have been useful towards their specific determination. As it is, we can only give a very

brief description and a few sketches.

V7,

Praya Ggbr. 8. ? Praya maxima Ggbr. 54. = ? Praya maxima Ggbr. 54. Stat. 185. Lat. 3°20'S., Long. 127°22'.9 E. Cat. 49 A. formald. 4°/,. 2 loose nectophores.

Two loose nectophores (length 19 mm. and breadth 14 mm.; the smaller one 18!/, mm. and 13 mm.) belong probably to the same specimen. The sketches remind us of GEGENBAUR’S Praya maxima, and as the whole interior of these nectophores is badly preserved, there is no question of describing it. We have simply before us the gelatinous substance of two nectophores which appear to be allied to Praya maxima Ggbr.

Lilyopsis Ch. 9. ? Lilyopsis diphyes Vogt. Pl. Il, fig. 16. = ?Praya diphyes Vogt. 54. = ' Praya diphyes Koll. 54. = ? Praya diphyes Huxl. 59. = ? Lilyopsis diphyes Ch. 85. Stat. 276. Lat. 6°47'.5S., Long. 128°40'.5 E. Caz. 156. formald. 4°/,. 3 loose nectophores.

One of the three nectophores is absolutely torn and shapeless, the two others are not much better and do not differ from the description given by Huxtey. Huxrey himself was very careful in giving any definite specific name to his only loose nectophore. We are in the same position and confer the name of Lz/yopscs diphyes only with the greatest reserve.

The length of the two nectophores is 8'/, and 7 mm., the breadth 5 and 5'/, mm.; in this respect they are smaller than any other Prayzd described up to this date.

In both nectophores there are remnants of somatocyst, stem and appendages and it is to be noted that in the smaller one the hydroecial aperture is situated in the middle of the ventral part only and that it does not extend to the anterior part of the nectophore.

I]. Tribus Superpositae (Diphymorphae) Ch. Subfam. Abylinae L. Agassiz 62.

Abyla Eschsch.

non Adyla penragona ©. et G. 27. Pl. Il, figg. 17, 18, 19, 20.

: Pyramis tetragona Otto Calpe pentagona Q. et G. Abyla pentagona Eschsch. 20. Diphya tetragona Costa 34. Abyla pentagona Lkt. 53. Aglaisma pentagonum Lkt. 53. SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE IX.

Ho dt Wed

uw

tw i tl

Hl dd wd

I

Abyla pentagona Koll. 53. Abyla trigona Vogt 54.

Abyla pentagona Lkt. 54. Abyla pentagona Huxl. 59. Abyla pentagona Ggbr. 60. Abyla pentagona Kef. Ehl. 61. Abyla pentagona Fewk. 79. Calpe gegenbauri Hkl. 886. Calpe huxleyi Hkl. 886. Abylopsis pentagona Ch. 88. Abyla (Abylopsis) pentagona Ch. 97a.

= Abyla tetragona Schneider 98.

Stat. Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat:

Stat.

Stat. Stat.

Stat. Stat:

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat:

Stat.

State

State

Stale Stat.

36. Lat. 7°38 S., Long. 117°31' E. Cat. 41 B. alc. 90°/,. One inferior nectophore.

66. Bank between Islands of Bahuluwang and Tambolungan, South of Saleyer. Caz. 140 B. alc. go°/,. 7 superior nectophores.

106. Anchorage of Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. gt G. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

109. Anchorage off Pulu Tongkil Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 87 C. formald. 4,/°. One inferior nectophore and Cat. 34.C.D. alc. go°/,. One complete specimen, one superior, one inferior loose nectophore.

112. Lat. 3°1' N., Long. 122°2’E. Cat. 76 A. alc. 90°/,. One superior, one interior nectocalyx.

117°. Lat. 1°15’ N., Long. 123°37'E. Caz. 119 D. formald. 4,/°. 3 superior nectophores and Cat. 137 D. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore.

118. Lat. 1°38’ N., Long. 124°28’.2 E. Cat. 157 C. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore.

119. Lat. 1°33'.5 N., Long. 124°41' E. Caz. 32 B. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore.

121. Menado-anchorage. Cat. 39 A. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete specimens, 2 superior nectophores.

128. Lat. 4°27'N., Long. 125°25.7 E. Cat. 43 A. ale. 90°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 N. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, 7 superior, 3 inferior nectophores.

141. Lat. 1°0.4S., Long. 127°25'.3 E. Cat. 44 F.B. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore. 143. Lat. 1°4'.5S., Long. 127°52’.6E. Cat. 229. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete specimens and Cat. 86 E. alc. g0°/,. One complete specimen, 5 superior nectophores.

144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée (Damar-)island. Cat. 122 E. formald. 4°/,. 11 superior, 7 inferior nectophores.

148. Lat. 0°17’.6S., Long. 129°14.5 E. Caz. 160 C. formald. 4°/,. 8 complete specimens and Cat. 59 C. alc. go°/,. 2 complete specimens, 5 superior nectophores.

157. Lat. 0°32’.9S., Long. 130°14'.6 E. Caz. 38 A. formald. 4°/,. 4 complete specimens, I superior, 5 inferior nectophores and Caz. 198 A. alc. go°/,. 13 inferior nectophores.

165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs) East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 D. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, 8 superior, 7 inferior necto- phores and Caz. 148 B.G. alc. go°/,. 2 complete specimens, II superior, 7 inferior nectophores.

168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Cat. 97 C. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, 2 superior nectophores.

169. Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New Guinea. Cat. 55 F. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, 8 superior, 2 inferior nectophores.

172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cat. 42 C. formald. 4°/,. 8 superior, 3 inferior nectophores.

177*. Lat. 2°24'.5 S., Long. 129°38'.5 E. Cat. 95 C. ale. 90°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

185. Lat. 3°20 S., Long. 127°22’9 E. Manipa-strait. Caz. 100 C. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, one superior, 3 inferior nectophores.

Li ie

Stat. Stats

Stat. Stat. State Stat. Stat.

Stat.

ie) *, Lat. 2°22 S., Long. 126°46' E. Cat. 65 D.N. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore.

telat 3232-5S., Long. 124°15.5 E. Cat 126D. alc. 907/,- One complete specimen,

II superior, 7 inferior nectophores.

5. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Caz. 50 C.D. alc. go°/,. 2 superior nectophores. . Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings, including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North

point of Saleyer-island. Cat. 78 A. alc. 90°/,. 3 complete specimens, 7 superior, 8 inferior nectophores.

. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 B. formald. 4°/,

2 superior nectophores.

. 5700 M. N. 279° E. from South-point of South-Lucipara-island. Caz. 45 C. alc. 90°/°.

One inferior nectophore.

. Lat. 4°30'.2 S., Long. 129°25' E. Cat. 158 B. formald. 4°/,. One superior, one inferior B) 5 9 5 5 ° p

nectophore.

. Lat. 8°25'.2S., Long. 127°18'.4 E. Anchorage between Nusa Besi and the N.E.

point of Timor. Cat. 51 D. alc. 90°/,. 2 complete specimens.

Aglaisma Hk.

Aglaisma cuboitdes Lkt. Pl. Il, fig. 21.

= Eudoxia cuboides Lkt. 53.

= Einzeltiere von Adbyla pentagona Ggbr. 54. = Eudoxia cuboides Ch. 85.

= Aglaisma gegenbauri Hkl. 88a.

= Eudoxia cuboides Bedot 96.

= Aglaisma cuboides Ch. 97.

Stat a50: State) 193: Stat. 96 Stat. 99 Stat. 106 Stat. 109 Stat. 117% Stat. 121 Stat. 128 Stat. 141 Stat. 143 Stat. 144 Stat. 146 Stat. 148 Stat. 149 Stat: 157 Stat. 165 Stat. 168 Stat. 169 Statei72

Bay of Badjo, West-coast of Flores. Caz. 166 C.B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 79 A. alc. 90°/,. One specimen.

. South-east side of Pearl-Bank Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 99 D. alc. go°/,. One specimen. . Lat. 6°7'.5 N., Long. 120°26'E. Cat. 70C. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Ca. 91 K. formald. 4°/,- One specimen. . Anchorage off Pulu Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 34 C.C. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens. . Lat. 1°15’N., Long. 123°37'E. Cat. 119 D. formald. 4°/,. 9 specimens and Caz.

137 D. alc. go°/,. 2 specimens.

. Menado-anchorage. Cat. 39 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens. 28. Lat. 4°27'N., Long. 125°25'.7 E. Cat. 43 B. alc. 90°/,. 15 specimens. . Lat. 1°0'.4S., Long. 127°25'.3E. Cat. 44 F.D. formald. 4°/,. One specimen and

Cat. 147 A. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

. Lat. 0°45 S., Long. 127°52'.6E. Cat. 86H. alc. 90°/,. 18 specimens.

¢ gecnaee North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Caz. 122 H. formald 4°/,. 8 specimens. seat. (On 301 5:, leone. nee 32 7 E. Cat. 64 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

. Lat. 0°17'.6S., Long. 129° 14'.5 E. Cat. 59 B. alc. go°/. 5 specimens.

. Fau-Anchorage and lagune. West-coast of Gebe-island. “Ge 66i\CyaleQou/5> 12

Specimens:

7. Lat. 0° 32'.9S., Long. 130° 14.6 E. Caz. 198 B. alc. go°/,. One specimen. . Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-islands (False Pisangs) East-coast of Misool.

8

Cat. 164 J. formald. 4°/,. 4 specimens and Caz. 148 B.D. alc. go°/,. 8 specimens.

. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Cat. 97 D. formald. 4°/,. One specimen. . Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New-Guinea. Cat. 55 D. formald. 4°/,.

3 specimens and Caz. 149 C. alc. g0°/,. 2 specimens.

. Gisser; anchorage between this island ena Ceram-Laut. Cat. 42 D. formald. 4°/,.

2 specimens.

20

Stat. 177%. Lat. 2°30'S., Long, 1207 28 HiCa7 ose alemigoys. 7 Specimens: Stat. 184. Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South-coast of Manipa-island. Caz. 142 B. alc. go°/, 2 specimens. Stat. 185. Lat. 3°20'S., Long. 127°22'.9 E. Cat. 100 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen. Stat. 189% Lats 2722S) longs 126° 46 E. Cat. 65 D.G. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens and Cat. 127 PLAY alcs905/ 5.0.5 specimens. °o

Stat: 194.) Waty 17 53'-5).5:, wong.) 1260, 39° E. Cat. 23 A.C. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 203. Lat. 3°32'.5'S., Long. 124° 15.5 EB. Cat, 126 B. alc. 90°/,. 8 specimens.

Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Caz. 50 C.C. alc. go°/,. 5 specimens.

Stat. 243. Lat. 4°30'.2S., Long. 129°25’E. Cat. 134. ale. go°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 245. Wat. 4°16)5 S:) ons. 130: 15.8 i. Caz. TAs alc.00;/5. 7. specimens:

Stat. 315. Anchorage East of Sailus Besar, Paternoster-islands. Cat.129C. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

The Siboga expedition has brought together a most splendid collection of Adyla fpentagona (33 complete specimens, 98 loose superior nectophores, 79 loose inferior nectophores), one of the Calycophorids which has been found in great profusion in the Atlantic Ocean and which has been described by a great many authors (KoLL. 54, Lxr. 58, HKkL. 88b etc.).

From the Indian and the Pacific Ocean (south-east coast of New Guinea, Indian Ocean off Timor, in the South Pacific) Huxitey (59 p. 41) describes under the same name a smaller specimen which he thinks identical with the Aédyla pentagona of KOvLIker 54, Leuckarr 54, GEGENBAUR 60 etc. At the same time he recapitulates how Lruckarr 58 describes under the name of Aglaisma fentagonum, an exceedingly small Aéyfd (8 mm.) which is to his opinion identical with the Adyla pentagona of Quoy and Gaimarp and which LeucKarr himself calls a “unvollstindig entwickelte Adyla pentagona (58 p. 53). Later authors as HarcKkeL 88b and Cuun 88 and 97a think Hvuxtey’s specimens different and Harcker even calls it Calpe huxleyi (88b p. 164).

Now the Siboga expedition not only brought many large specimens but also a considerable number of smaller ones, but we looked in vain for any other specific difference.

In the description of Adylopses guencunx we will give our opinion as to the position of HvyLery’s specimen in the system.

It was very remarkable to find such great differences in size between the respective specimens. The length of the very largest Adyla pentagona was 24 mm. (measured from the superior facet of the superior nectophore to the utmost point of the proximal ridge in the inferior one) of the smallest 12 mm. (measures taken as above). We give three sketches (PI. I], fige. 17, 18, 19) of the superior nectophore of Adyla pentagona, which we use in comparing them with the same in Adylopses guincunx Ch. (see p. 22). All the inferior nectophores possess the characteristic course of the canals such as GEGENBAUR (60 p. 354) described so well.

The principal canal divides itself at once at the apex in the superior hindwall of the nectophore into four canals.

The proximal one first follows the upperwall of the nectosac, then goes straight down, ending below in an enlargement. The distal canal follows the hindwall of the nectosac and shows the same enlargement near the velum. But it does not end there, but gives off a short canal, the course of which is proximal to the left and this short canal ('/, of the length of the

main posterior one) ends also in a club-shaped enlargement. The right lateral canal follows the

21

usual course along the wall of the nectosac first superiorly, then laterally and shows the same dilatation towards its base. The left lateral one goes first straight down, ends suddenly blindly at */; of the whole length of the nectosac. A side canal begins a little higher, goes on proximally and bends itself. Its course is then a perfectly straight one; it ends in the same club-shaped enlargement. All these enlargements are in connection with one another through a ring-canal which runs along the velum. We carefully looked over all the inferior nectophores (++ 20) and always found this same structure both in small and in big specimens. We could not find any other specific differences and so we do not feel justified to use two different specific names.

The eudoxids of Abyla pentagona * Aglaisma cuboides’ Lkt. (58) have been described so well by many authors that we need not repeat anything. We only want to give a sketch of one of the 147 specimens captured by the Siboga and we wish to draw the attention to the great conformity between the list of stations of Adyla pentagona and its eudoxid A glaisma cubordes Lkt. The latter were nearly all of the same size.

We will use Aglazsma cuboides in the description of Aglaismoides to compare the

differences between the Audoxzds of two so different Abylids.

Abylopsis Ch. 12. Abylopsis guincunx Ch. Pl. Ill, figg. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

= Aédvlopsis quincunx Ch. 88.

= Abylopsis quincunx Bedot 96.

= Abyla (Abylopsis) quincunx Ch. 97a.

Abyla pentagona A. G. Mayer 1900.

Abyla quincunx A. Ag. et A. G. Mayer 98, 1902.

ll

Stat. 66. Bank between islands of Bahuluwang and Tambolungan, South of Saleyer. Caz. 140 C. alc. 90°/,. 2 superior, one inferior nectophore.

Stat. 89. Pulu Kaniungan Ketjil. Caz. 48 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 79 B. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 96. South-east of Pearl-bank. Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 99 C. alec. go°/,. IO superior nectophores.

Stat. 104. Sulu-harbour, Sulu-island. Caz. 103 D. alc. 90°/,. One inferior nectophore.

Stat. 105. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. gt F. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior, 2 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 118. Lat. 1°38'N., Long. 124° 28'.2 E. Caz. 93 B.C. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 121. Menado-anchorage. Cat. 39 C. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 R. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore.

Stat. 138. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Cat. 172 C. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 E. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete specimens, 6 superior, 6 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 146. Lat. 0°36'S., Long. 128°32'7 E. Caz. 64C. formald. 4°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-islands (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 148 B.A. alc. 90°/,. One inferior nectophore and Cat. 164 J. formald. Anes 2 superior, one inferior nectophore.

Stat. 169. Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New-Guinea. Cat. 55 F. formald. As |e 3 superior nectophores.

92 <<

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Caz. 42C. formald. 4°/,. 3 complete, 24 superior, g inferior nectophores.

Stat. 177°. Lat. 2°30'S., Long. 129°28' E. Caz. 95 B. alc. g0°/,. 19 superior nectophores, one inferior nectophore.

Stat. 184. Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South coast of Manipa-island. Cat. 142 A. alc. 90°/,. One superior, one inferior nectophore.

Stat. 186. Lat. 3° 10.5 S., Long. 127° 20'.5 E. Cat.25 V.A. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 189". Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46'E. Caz. 65 D.D. formald. 4°/,. One complete, 4 superior nectophores and Cat. 127 F.D. alc. go°/,. 15 superior, 8 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126°39'E. Caz. 23 A.B. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior, 2 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 194—197. (194 = Lat. 1°53’.5 S., Long. 126° 39 E. 195 = Wat. 1°55’ S., Long: 126° so)-7,Be 196 = Lat. 1°52'.85S., Long. 127°6 E. 197 Lat. 1°45°.3.S., Long. 127° 83 Bee Cat. 75 B.D. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Cat. 50 C.D. alc. 90°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

Stat. 213. Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings, including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North- point of Saleyer-island. Cat. 58 A. formald. 4°/,. 4 superior nectophores.

Stat. 215". West rooo M. distant from North-point of Kabia-island reef. Cat. 128 B. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir-Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 B. formald. 4°/.. 7 superior, one inferior nectophores and Caz. 144 C. alc. g0°/,. 4 superior nectophores.

Stat. 225. 5700 M. N. 279° E. from South-point of South Lucipara-island. Caz. 45 F. alc. 90°/,.

One inferior nectophore. . West-side of Taam-island. Caz. 150 B. alc. 90°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

Stat. 252 6. Lat. 6°47’.5 S., Long. 128°40'.5 E. Caz. 138 A. alc. 90°/,. 5 superior nectophores.

25

Stat. 27

We have applied Cuun’s name Adylopsizs guincunx to those Adylids, which are of small

‘size and which differ from the Aédyla pentagona in many other respects. Cuun writes 97a (p. 26):

“Ich habe neuerdings Gelegenheit gefunden, dieselbe (that is Adylopsis guincunx Ch.) eingehender

“zu untersuchen und finde sie nur in feineren Punkten, welche immerhin eine specifische Tren- “nung rechtfertigen, verschieden”’.

We find that these minor details are not so inconsiderable as CuuN supposes and we mean to show that the differences between Adéyla fentagona and Adylopsis guincunx are in fact very important. The figure given by CuHuN 97b shows at first sight striking differences with the Adyla pentagona Q. et G.

Abylopsis quincunx was represented by 6 complete specimens, 125 loose superior and 35 loose inferior nectophores.

When comparing the list of stations of Aédyla pentagona and of Adylopsis guincnnx we see that at 15 stations of the former the latter appeared too, so that they may be said to appear frequently together. Adylopsis guincunx is very small (complete specimen length not quite 6 mm.) and absolutely transparent but for the calcareous granules in the somatocyst of the superior nectophore. The two figures (PI. III, figg. 22, 23) of the complete Aédylopsis guincunx show, at the first view how different the outward appearance is between Adylopsis and Adyla, especially as far as the inferior nectophore is concerned; not only its size in relation to the superior one, but also its shape.

SUperion Nectop hore:

We intend to compare alternately a superior nectophore of Adyla fentagona and a superior

23

one of Aédylopsis guincunx. To be absolutely sure that we had taken the right nectophores, we detached them from complete specimens, the complete Adylopsis guincunx measuring 6 mm. and the Adyla pentagona 23 mm. We found even some complete specimens of Adyla pentagona of greater length, but they happened not to be well-preserved enough.

The relative size of superior to inferior nectophore is in both species very different.

The inferior one of Aédylopsis guincunx is only a little larger (about 1°/,,) and the inferior one of Aédyla is 4'/, times longer than the superior nectophore. This is shown clearly in Cuvun’s figure 97b of Adylopses guincunx.

This of course makes the outward appearance totally different.

Comparing (PI. II, figg. 17, 18, 19 with Pl. III, figg. 24, 25, 26) the superior nectophores of the two we find that there is no difference in structure as far as the facets are concerned. First of all the ridges of Adylopscis are serrated, especially the ridges of the anterior facet. In Aéyla there are only remains of serrating in the four ridges which form the apertures of the hydroecial canal.

The upper nectophores of both Adyla and Aédylopszs are four-sided and have two parallel, pentagonal facets, an anterior and a posterior one. This anterior facet in Abylopsis (Pl. III, fig. 24) is an almost regular pentagon, the basal ridge being somewhat shorter and curved, whilst in Aédy/a (Pl. I, fig. 17) the same ridges differ in length; the upper ridges are shorter, and the angles which they form with the longer basal ridges of the pentagon are less acute. The basal ridge is only a little convex and much smaller. The ventral facet shows some difference too. In Aédylopszs (PI. Ill, fig. 25) and in Aédyla (PI. II, fig. 18) the upper ridges have the same course, but whilst in Aédylopszs the postero-lateral ridges are straight and begin to bend only at the very distal end abruptly to form the teeth of the hydroecial canal, the same ridges in Aéy/a (Pl. Il, fig. 18) are convex and meet each other gradually. The teeth of the hydroecial canal are less sharp and the basal transverse ridge is less emarginate than in Adylopsis.

Naturally the differences between the posterior and anterior facets cause dissimilarity in structure of the lateral facets. The two superior lateral facets in Abylopsis (PI. III, fig. 26) ion a regular quadrangle; in Aéyéa (PI. Il, fig. 19) there are 4 ridges too, but the superior one (the ridge which connects the superior angles of anterior and posterior facet) is smaller than the inferior one, moreover the latter is curved. This includes a deviation of the lateral ridges and an irregular aspect of the whole.

The infero-lateral ridges are in déylopsis and Aédyla four-sided, and are produced inferiorly into the lateral wall of the hydroecium. In Adylofszs (PI. II, fig. 26) the angles are more acute, the teeth of the hydroecium are long. In Aédyla (PI. Il, fig. 19) the angles are blunt and the teeth shorter. The posterior wall of the hydroecium is formed by the posterior facet, the anterior one by a single facet, four-sided, the basal ridge of which is deeply emarginate and serrated. Concluding we may say that the great difference between the superior nectophores of Abyla and Aéylopsis is that in Aédy/opsis all angles are acute, in Aédy/a all blunt. The interior (phyllocyst, nectosac, canals of the nectosac and hydroecium) do not show any dissimilarity to

those in Adyla pentagona.

24

As soon as we had found these differences the selection of the very extensive material of both Aédylopsis guincunx and Adyla pentagona was extremely facilitated.

The remains of stem and appendages in superior and inferior nectophore were hardly to be recognized; at any rate the appendages were not well enough preserved to show the structure of the bract, a very important thing for the determination of the exdoxzds. We therefore hardly feel justified as yet to consider Aglaismoides Fschscholtzi Huxley as the eudoxid of Abylopsis quincunx, though we are inclined to do so, as the Siboga material contains many specimens of this ewdoxzd, there being at the same time except Aglazsma cuboides Lkt., Sphenordes australis Huxl., Amphiroa alata Les., no other eadoxids of Adylids in the collection.

Dive Wwalferion mecto plore:

The striking difference, at first sight, between the inferior nectophores of Adylopszs and Adyla is the greater development of gelatinous substance in the former, the broadness in comparison to the latter where the inferior nectophores are 2'/;—3 times longer than the superior and finally the mode of attachment and the outward appearance of the superior part of the distal nectophore (compare our sketches Pl. III, figg. 22, 23 with the sketches given by Koti, 54, Lreuckartr 54, etc. for Adyla pentagona).

As the gelatinous substance has so much increased in size, the result is a different aspect of the basal facet, taken when the whole specimen rests on the anterior pentagonal facet of the superior nectocalyx (fig. 27). The whole basal part of the inferior nectophore is very different from the same in Aédy/a as is shown in fig. 20. It is clearly shown how the basal ridges are convex in Adylopsis, less in Aédyla. But the real absolute distinction between Adéy/opsis and Abyla is found in the canals of the inferior nectocalyx.

We gave above a description of the course of these canals in Aéyla pentagona (see p. 20).

We have looked in vain for this same structure in all 35 inferior nectophores of Adylopszs. Here they have quite a different course. Anteriorly there are none but the two proximal canals, first following the superior wall of the nectosac. They do not reach its proximal wall but bend down on the side wall and reach the velum on the right and left side of the proximal half. The two other canals are situated in the hind wall and run nearer to each other. They meet in the basal part of the nectosac forming an enlargement which is very much developed.

Cuun never mentioned this very characteristic difference between this structure in Ady/opses and Ady/a and it is especially this difference in structure of the canals which prompts us to consider Adylopsis guincunx Ch. as absolutely different from Aédyla pentagona Q. et G.

Huxtey described (59 p. 49, PI. Il, fig. 2) an Aédyézd which he considers to be an Aédyla pentagona. Later authors Harcker 88a and Cuun 88 and 97b, Maver 98, A. Ac. and Maver 1900 consider those specimens to be different. Harcker calls it Calpe huxleyi (88 p. 164). Cuun finds his atlantic Adylopsis guincunx identical with Huxiry’s Aéyla pentagona. It might be of great value to know the exact course of the canals in the nectosac of the inferior nectophore. Unfortunately Huxiry gives no description of them. He refers to KOLrikrr (59 p. 43). So we draw the conclusion that they are similar to those in Adyla fentagona. Then of course the identification with Adyla pentagona would be justified. Huxtry’s specimens would be simply

the smaller ones, as we found them also in our material for Adyla pentagona (see p. 20).

25 Judging after the sketches of A. G. Mayer (1900) his Aédyla pentagona and Chunia capillaria are true Ady/opsis and we would suggest A. guzncunx Ch. for the former and A. capzllaria for the latter. We wonder what this ‘long, slightly curved, brist-like spine’? may be. Could it not simply be the stem without its appendages? A. Acassiz and A. G. Mayer published 1902 two sketches of Aédyids of which one called Adyla guincunx is easily to be recognized as the true Aédylopsis guincunx Ch. But the other called Adyla Huxleyi Haeckel seems to us a new species of Adylopszs. It is exceedingly large (length 25 mm.) and has the canals in the inferior nectophore which are characteristic of Aéylopsis. We cannot suppose that these authors over- looked the formation of side branches in these canals and still we are very much surprised to find that they think this specimen to be identical with Harcket’s 4Aéyla Huxley as we have seen above that this déy/a Huxleyt might be a true Adyla pentagona. It is to be hoped that the two authors will soon give us a clearer description of their so-called Adyla Huxley?, and

also of their Chunza capillaria.

Aglaismoides Huxl.

13. Aglaismoides Eschscholtzic Huxl. Pl. Ill, figg. 28—31.

= Aglaismoides Eschscholtzi Huxl. 59.

= Aglaismoides Eschscholtziz Ch. 88°

= Aglaismoides quincunx Ch. 97a.

= Aglaisma quincunx A. G. Mayer 1900.

= Aglaisma quincunx A. Ag. and A. G. Mayer 1902.

Stat. 66. Bank between islands of Bahuluwang and Tambolungan, South of Saleyer. Caz. 140 A. alc. g0°/,. 33 specimens.

Stat. 89. Pulu Kaniungan Ketjil. Cat. 48 B. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo. Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 79 D. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 96. South-east of Pearl-bank. Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 99 E. alc. 90°/,. 6 specimens.

Stat. 104. Sulu-harbour Sulu-island. Cat. 103 E. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. g1 M. formald. 4°/,. 7 specimens.

Stat. 110. Lat. 4°34’N., Long. 122°0' E. Cat. 47 C. formald. 4°/,. 27 specimens.

Stat. 117%. Lat. 1°15’N., Long. 123°37’E. Caf. 119 D. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens and Caz. 137 D. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 138. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Cat. 92 C. alc. 90°/,. 24 specimens.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 H. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Statser4s. Wat. 0° 17.619, Wong, 129° 14-5, .. Caz. 59 B. alc. 9o°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 149. Fau-anchorage and lagune. West-coast of Gebé-island. Caz. 66 D. alc. 90°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Cat. 42 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

Stata77 Wat. 2°30 S., Long.) 129728) By Caz 95 Ay alc. (90:/.. 220 specimens.

Stat. 186. Lat. 3°10'.5S., Long. 127°20'.5 E. Cat. 25 V.B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 189%. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46'E. Cat. 65 D.M. formald. 4°/,. 26 specimens add Caz. 127 F.B. alc. go°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53.5S., Long. 126°39' E. Cat. 23 A.C. formald. 4°/,. 14 specimens.

Stat22035 leat. 3°32.5.S., Long. 124°15.5 E. Caz. 126-B. alc. 90°/;. 60 specimens:

SIROGA-EXPEDITIE IX. 4

tY Wt

26

Stat. 213. Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings, including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North- point of Saleyer. Ca¢. 58 E. formald. 4°/,. One specimen and Caz. 78 C. alc. g0°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 215". West 1000 M. distant from North-point of Kabia-island reef. Cat. 128 D. alc. 90°/,- one specimen. Stat. . Lat. 6°40.6S., Long. 123°14'.7 E. Caz. 29 A. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

217

Stat. 223. Lat. 5° 44.7 s., wong. wowe7.3 E. Ga7. oie. alc. 1005)... 15 «Specimens.

Stat. 225. 5700 M. N. 279° E. from South-point of South Lucipara-island. Cat. 45 E. alc. 90°/,- 3 specimens.

Stat. 245. Wat: 4216.5 S5, Long. 130: 15¢8)H. (Gar. \i143)B.palc,1o0n/e. 4) Specimens: Stat. 252. West-side of Taam-island. Cat. 150 A. alc. 90°/,. 7 specimens. Stat. 276. Lat. 6°47 .5)S:, Longs 1280405 HE. Gaz 133 Baalc.o0./-,, 2)specimens.

Aglaismoides Eschscholtzit was found in an unusual great number of specimens (+ 400) of which one station only (Stat. 177*) produced about 220.

They were more or less damaged by the preserving fluids and in only a few cases the reproductive swimming-bells were preserved. The beautifully-shaped pentagonal prismatic bract is shown in Pl. III, figg. 28, 29, 30, 31. Huxiry gives no very clear description of the bract, but his figures (59 Pl. IV, fig. 2) of this species show the difference between this A g/azsmozdes Eschscholtzi and Aglaisma cuboides Lkt., very distinctly. When the bracts are placed in the same position (compare Pl. II, fig. 21 and PI. Ill, fig. 30) we see the difference between the beautiful pentagonal shape of AygZazsmozdes and the quadrangular one in Aglazsma cudbordes.

There is no reason to believe our specimens different from those described by Huxtey.

Cuun 88 thinks that Aglazsmoides FEschscholtziz constitutes the detached diphyozooids of his new, small <Aédyld, Adylopsis guincunx. He does not however say whether he ever saw the development of one of the groups of appendages in Adéylopszs into a definite A glazsmordes Eschscholtztt.

There were many inferior nectophores in Adéylopsis guincunx among the Siboga material, the hydroecial canal of which might have contained any distinct young cormidia, showing the structure of an Aglazsmoides. This however was not the case.

We add some sketches (PI. II, figg. 28—31) of Aglatsmoides Eschscholtzit to show the difference with Adyla pentagona’s eudoxids, the well-known A glazsma cuboides Lkt.

14. Aédyla bassensis Huxl. 59. Pl. IV, fig. 32.

= Diphyes bassensis Q. et G. 33. = Calpe bassensis Less. 43.

= Abyla bassensis Huxl. 59.

= Abyla perforata Ggbr. 60.

= Bassia perforata Ch. 88.

= Bassia obeliscus Hkl. 88a.

Stat. 89. Pulu Kaniungan Ketjil. Cat. 48 A. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 91 C. formald. 4°/,. 2 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 136. Ternate anchorage. Cat. 80 P. formald. 4°/,. 4 superior and 3 inferior nectophores and Cat. 67 B.A. alc. 90°/,. 8 superior, 5 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 138. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Ca¢. 172 C. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore and Cat. 92 B. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 141 Stat. 144 Stat. 148 Stat. 165 Stat. 172 Stat. 186 Stat. 189°. Stat. 194 Stat. 205 Stat. 21

Stat. 213 Stat. 220

27

Slataet ,O-4o:, Wong. 127> 25.3. Gas 44 ).C. formald- 4°/-. 3) inferior mectophores- . Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 E. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior.

7 inferior nectophores.

. Lat. 0°17’.6S., Long. 129° 14'.5 E. Cat. 160 C. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore. . Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs) East-coast of Misool.

Cat. 164 B. formald. 4°/,. One superior, 3 inferior nectophores.

. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Caz. 42 C. formald. 4°/,.

one complete specimen, 13 superior, 17 inferior nectophores.

. Lat. 3°10'.5 S., Long. 127° 20'.5 E. North-side of Manipa-strait. Cat. 25 V.C. formald.

4°/,. 2 complete specimens, one inferior nectophore. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46'E. Cat. 65 D.P. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

. Lat. 1°53'.5S., Long. 126°39 E. Caz. 23 A.B. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior, 3 inferior

3 nectophores.

5. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Cat. 102 B. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore. 210. Lat. 5°28'S., Long. 121°23'.5 E. Cat. 56 B. formald. 4°/,. 3 superior nectophores. . Salayer-anchorage and surroundings including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North-

point of Saleyer-island. Cat. 58 B. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen.

. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 B. formald. 4°/,.

2 superior, one inferior nectophore and Cat. 144C. alc. g0°/,. 2 superior, one inferior nectophore.

Sphenoides Huxl.

15. Sphenordes austratis Huxl. Pl. IV, fig. 33.

= Sphenoides australis Huxl. 59. = Sphenoides australis Ch. 88. = Sphenoides obeliscus Hkl. 886.

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat.

Stat. Stat

State Stat:

The first

found along the

50. 106.

mye

136. 138. 144.

Bay of Badjo, West-coast of Flores. Ca. 166 C.D. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 91 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens. Lat. 1°15’ N., Long. 123° 37’ E. Caz. 119 D. formald. 4°/,. 14 specimens (gonocalyces). Ternate-anchorage. Caz. 80 D. formald. 4°/,. 8 specimens.

Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Caz. 172 B. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 F. formald. 4°/,. 7 specimens.

. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs) East-coast of Misool.

Cat. 164 C. formald. 4°/,. 42 specimens.

. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cat. 42 D. formald. 4°/,.

34 specimens.

2) Watales3i59.,) ongest26230) PCa 230A. @. tormalds 42/-. S specimens. . Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Caf. 102 D. formald. 4°/,. One specimen. »Late6247-5 S., Long, 126240598. Caz 138). alc) go°/_. 2° specimens.

complete description of Aéyla éassensts was given by Hux ey (59) for specimens coast of Tasmania (Australia) in 1847. In 1848 he again found Aédyla dassensis in Bass’ Straits and in the South Pacific. He supposes his specimens to be identical with those of Quoy and Garmarp’s 88, notwithstanding the incompleteness of the sketches and the short and insufficient description of these latter authors. .

A year later GeGrNBAuR describes 60 an Aéy/a, which to his opinion is new, and calls it Adyla perforata.

Cuun takes 88 up the original name of Quoy and Garmarp’s, Lassza, with the species

28

perforata of GrcrNnsaur for specimens taken near the Canary-islands and finds these identical with Adyla dassensis Huxl.

Harcker is of opinion that Adyla éassensis differs from Adyla perforata Ggbr. He describes a new species Bassta obeliscus and speaks of a quite new Aédylid to which he gives the name of Bassia tetragona. In 1897 CuuNn uses assza in parenthesis and writes now about Abyla (Bassia) perforata Ggbr. He finds his specimens identical with the Atlantic Adyla perforata Ggbr. 60, Bassia perforata Ch. 88, and Bassia obeliscus Haeck. 88b.

He hopes that further investigators will find out whether the Adylds described by Quoy and Garmarp 27, BriainvitLe 80, Lesson 48, Huxtey 59, are identical with the specimens of the atlantic ocean.

The material of the Siboga expedition is altogether insufficient to make any conclusion concerning either question. The preservation was very middling.

We think it sufficient to give a sketch of a complete Aédyla dassensis, using this name for the tropical Aédy/a, in opposition with Adyvla perforata which has hitherto been used for atlantic specimens. Concerning Sphenoides australis, we found not the least difference with Huxtey’s excellent description and figures. Huxrey did not notice the development of the appendages of Aédyla dassensis into Sphenoides australis. Nor have we found any early stages.

It is therefore more correct to maintain the name Sphenozdes australis, as it was given by Houxtey 59.

16. Adyla trigona Q. et G. Pl. IV, figg. 34, 35, 36.

= Abyla trigona Q. et G. 27. == Abyla trigona Eschsch. 29. Abyla trigona Ggbr. 60. Abyla trigona Ch. 88, 97 4. Abyla carina Hkl. 886.

|

Stat. 118. Lat. 1°38’'N., Long. 124°28.2 E. Cat. 93 B.B. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 203. Lat. 3°32’.5S., Long. 124°15'.5 E. Cat. 126 D. alc. 90°/,. One superior, one inferior nectophore; the latter badly preserved.

Stat. 213. Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings including Pulu-Pasi-Tanette near the North-point of Saleyer-island. Caz. 78 D. alc. 90°/,. One inferior nectophore of ? Adyla trigona.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 B. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 223. Lat. 5°44'.7S., Long. 126°27'.3 E. Caz. 31 D. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore- Stat. 224. Lat. 5°34'S., Long. 127°4' E. Caz. 204. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore. Stat. 276. Lat. 6°47'.5S., Long. 128°40.5 E. Cat. 138 D. alc. g0°/,. One superior nectophore.

Amphiroa Les.

17. Amphiroa alata Les. Pl. IV, figg. 37a, 374, 38.

= Amphiroa alata Les. 07. Amphiroa alata Huxl. 59. Eudoxia trigonae Ggbr. 60. Amphiroa alata Ch. 88. Amphiroa carina Hkl. 886. Amphiroa alata Ch. 97a.

I

I

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stats Stat. State

Stat.

Stat.

State

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat. 2 Stat.

29

66. Bank between islands of Bahuluwang and Tambolungan, South of Saleyer. Caz. 140 D. alc. 90°/,. 3 incomplete specimens.

106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Ca¢. 91 R. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

118. Lat. 1°38 N., Long. 124°28'.3 E. Cat. 157 D. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 67 B.E. alc. 90°/,. 2 badly preserved specimens.

148. Lat. 0° 17’.6S., Long. 129° 14'.5 S. Cat. 160 D. formald. 4°/,. One complete, one loose gonocalyx.

165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 148 B.B. alc. go0°/,. One specimen.

172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cat. 42 D. formald. 4°/ One specimen.

189*. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46' E. Cat. 65 D.K. formald. 4°/,. 2 gonocalyces and Caz. 127 F.E. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

194—197. (194 = Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126°39' E. 195 = Lat. 1°55’S., Long. 126° Ody 18, 196 = Lat. 1°52'8S., Long. 127°6' E. 197 = Lat. 1°45’.3S., Long. 127 18)-30.)s Cat. 75 B.C. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

203. Lat. 3°32.5S., Long. 124°15.5 E. Cat. 173 C.A. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, a loose o and a loose Q gonocalyx.

215°. West 1000 M. distant from North-point of Kabia-island reef. Caz. 128 E. alc. 90°/,. One specimen.

217. Lat. 6°40.65S., Long. 123°14.7 E. Cat. 168 C. formald. 4°/,. One specimen and a loose gonocalyx:

220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Caz. 77 C. formald. 4°/ 2 specimens.

245. Lat. 4°16.55S., Long. 130°15'.8 E. Cat. 143 D. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

o

oO

276. Lat. 6°47.5S., Long. 128°40.5 E. Caz. 138 E. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Abyla trigona. We want to give a detailed description of the superior nectophore as

it will be of much use for understanding the structure of the same in our Abyla Haeckel. To

begin we give a short list of the measures in the different specimens.

Length Breadth Stats Cat O3"5.b.e on Bin WO oo 6 4 mm. Sie AOR. Cats WAID, caso & MN ooo - 5 mm. Sit, 220s (CH Gy lbb 9 o> oo Syn SOON SG Gms 3. mm. State220 un Cate 7 7D mma eu AN, sone 66 Go 4 mm. Stateez2e5 (Cate 3D Sree OQ jos Go oe 5 mm. Sais 2a, (Calis AO A oo 6 oc ik jaan, 5 Ss 5 10 mm. Si@is 2/0; (Cais TASID, cao. 4h iN G46 « 3'/. mm.

The superior nectophore of Aéyla ¢trigona is of a bilateral symmetrical structure; it is composed of 4 odd (A, CI, D, E) and three paired facets (F, F’, G, G’, H, H’). We begin with the former and we take as first facet the one situated at the base of

the nectosac, facet A; it forms a facet around its basal opening (textfigure 24). It is surrounded

by the ridges, 7, 4, 4, g. The ridge z is situated on the most proximal side. Opposite is ridge g which belongs at the same time to the following facet E (textfig. 25). This facet is the most

proximal of all and is situated above the nectosac; it has an elongated four-sided shape; the

ridges are a little concave (d, %, &, g). The ridge d of this facet is at the same time the ventral

ridge of the following facet D (textfig. 26). This ridge is an irregular hexagon (d, ¢, ¢, 6, 4, a).

It is situated above the apex of nectosac and hydroecial canal. Apically is ridge a the superior

point of the nectophore and the basal ridge of facet CI.

v

Figg. 24—31. Adjda trigona Q. et G. Facets of the superior nectophore.

30

4,

This CI is an irregular pentagon (textfig. 27 a, e, e, e”’, € its point e). This facet is bent, the curve being about the middle between ridge e and e”. It is situated nearly above the hydroecial cavity and the somatocyst and constitutes the hind facet of the superior nectophore. Between facet CI and A is the hydroecial cavity, which for convenience’s sake will be called B (textfig. 28). This cavity is bounded by the inferior ridge of the paired facets (ridges f, f’) and by one of the ridges of facet A, that is to say ridge z. These are the odd facets. The paired ones are three in number, F, F’, G, G’, H, H’..F and F% (¢extfic. 29) are rhombordss they are in connection with facet E through ridge 4, apically with facet D through ridge c, with facets G and G’ through ridge /, with facets H and H’ through wm, with facet A through ridge 2. These facets are situated on the lateral sides of the nectosac and cover a part of the hydroecial cavity.

Facets G and G’ (textfig. 30) are much smaller, small trapezoids and consist of four ridges. They are connected with facets F and F’ through ridge ¢, through ridge 6 with facet D, through ridge e” with facet CI, through ridge x with facets H and H’. They overlap partly both somatocyst and hydroecium. Facets H and H’ (textfig. 31) are bounded by ridge x to the facets G and G’, through ridge m to facets F and F’, through ridge e” to facet CI while its basis constitutes the limit of the hydroecial cavity B.

All these facets are to be found in the same order in all the superior nectophores of Aéyla trzgona which were brought home by the Siboga.

In all nectophores the stem with appendages was either lost or very badly preserved. Also in this respect the material of the Siboga proves to be far complete.

As to the history of Adyv/a trzigona we thought it necessary to note the following. Quoy and Gaimarp described 27 a new genus Adéy/a with the species ¢vzgoua. Their description is unsuf- ficient. They speak of “un corps trés irrégulier, taillé a facettes, “plus long que large’ etc. speaking of the superior nectophore but they give no further details concerning the position of these facets. Their sketches too are not quite clear.

We had the occasion, thanks to the kindness of Prof. Epmonp

PERRIER, to examine all the material of

Fig. 24: facet A, Fig. 25: facet E, Fig. 26: facet D, Fig. 27: facet CI. Stphonophores, which forms part of the Musée Fig. 28: Aperture of the hydroecial cavity B, Fig. 29: facet F (F’),

Fig. 30: facet G (G’), Fig. 31: facet H (H’). Figg. 24—31: X 6.

d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. We saw some

+

31

of the original Szphonophores of Quoy and Gatmarp’s expedition and amongst others we found the very specimen described as <Aéyla ¢trigona. In all respects the Adéyla trigona of EscuscHoitz 29, GrcEeNBAUR 60, CHUN 88, 97a and Harckert 88b and also ours are identical with the type specimens. .

GEGENBAUR 60 finds his specimens in the atlantic ocean but also ‘aus den westindischen “Gewassern und einige auch aus dem indischen Meere” (60 p. 338).

We would like to copy the description he gives of the superior nectophore of Aédyla trigona and add the letters we used for the different facets, so as to show clearly the absolute identity of his specimens and ours (60 p. 338).

“Beginnen wir die Betrachtung der Begrenzungsflachen von jener aus, welche dicht oder “wenn man sich die beiden Schimmstiicke liegend und die Miindung des vorderen Schwimm- “stiicks nach oben und hinten gerichtet denkt, iiber dem Schwimmsack liegt, so finden wir dies “ein schmales langgezogenes Viereck (E) vorstellend, welches unten in zwei kurze die Miindung “der Schwimmhohle iiberragende Zacken ziemlich stark auslauft..... Die Oberflache zeigt eine “sechsseitige, an manchen Exemplaren sanft vertiefte Facette (D), die nach vorn aufsteigt und “in eine meist etwas vorstehende Kante auslauft..... Die sechste, vordere Facette, die Firste “des ganzen Schwimmstiicks bildende kommt dadurch zu Stande, dass hier die vordere Seite “des Schwimmstiicks eine von der Firste an beginnende und zum Teile noch die obere Begren- “zung mitbildende, dann aber in sanfter Biegung nach abwarts tretende Flache (CI) besitzt, “statt der bei A. Aentagona befindlichen scharfen Kante. Die obenerwahnte vordere Flache (CI) “wolbt sich sanft nach vorne zu und lauft fast parallel mit der viereckigen Flache der andern “schmalen Seite nach abwarts, wo sie immer schmaler werdend in einer zuweilen hackenformig “gekriimmten Spitze endet. Auf beiden breiten Seiten lasst das vordere Schwimmstiick dann “noch drei Facetten erkennen; erstlich eine trapezformige kleinere (G, G’), welche an die beiden “oberen Begrenzungsflachen stésst, dann zwei grosse, die durch eine der Lange nach verlaufende “fein gezahnelte Kante von einander geschieden sind (F, F’, H, H’). An der unteren Flache “befindet sich in der Mitte eine grosse, fast das ganze Stiick bis zur Wolbung durchsetzende “vierseitige Héhlung (A) deren Eingang hinten von zwei etwas nach aussen gekriimmten “Zackenfortsatzen begrenzt wird”’.

HarckEt’s specimens have been captured near the Canary-islands Lanserote. He calls them <Aédy/a carina but gives no reason at all why he should think his specimens different from Abyla trigona Q. et G. We could not find any differences. We copy also part of HarckeEt’s work (88b p. 157) concerning the shape of the superior nectophore. “The six lateral faces are “two odd and four paired. The dorsal odd face (E) covers the nectosac and is nearly rectangular, “twice as long as broad, its superior edge a little longer than the inferior. The opposite ventral “odd face, covering the somatocyst is smaller, isosceles triangular, three times as long as broad; “the apex of the triangle is directed downwards, the two lateral edges are convex (CI). The “two-paired ventro-lateral faces are quadrangular (H, H’) their dorsal edge longer than the “parallel ventral, and the straight superior edge smaller than the concave inferior. The two “paired dorso-lateral faces cover the lateral sides of the nectosac and are hexagonal; their two

“parallel edges are two to three times as long as each of the two superior or the two inferior

32

“edges (F, F’). The apical or superior face of the hexagonal prism is not a simple face but “divided by a proximal transverse frontal crest into two unequal apical facets, a dorsal and a “ventral. The dorsal apical facet (D) is far larger and covers the apex of the nectosac; it is “hexagonal with two odd and four paired edges, the odd dorsal and ventral edges are parallel “and of equal length; they are longer than the two ventral lateral and smaller than the two “dorsal lateral, deeply emarginated edges. The ventral apical facet (CI) is quadrangular, much “smaller and covers the top of the somatocyst. Its two lateral edges are twice as long as the “inferior and superior edge and are so deeply emarginated that the facet appears to be nearly “bisected by a frontal constriction. The basal face of the hexagonal prism is also divided by a “prominent transverse frontal crest into two unequal basal facets, a dorsal and a ventral. The “dorsal basal facet (A) is square, and contains the opening of the nectosac, the ventral basal “facet (B) containts the opening of the hydroecium and is isosceles triangular; the apex of the “triangle is directed ventrally and meets with the apex of the triangular ventral face” ’). HarckeL speaks about the deep emargination and the approximate bisection shows that

he does not really find the division into two as we will see in Aédyla Haeckelz.

Amphiroa alata. Pl. IV, figg. 37a, 374, 38.

HarckeL 88b proposes to call the exdoxds of Adyla trigona described by GEGENBAUR for atlantic specimens Amphiroa trigona, because the original type described by LesvuEuR 27 was found also in the atlantic ocean. The ewdoxzds of Huxvry’s specimens, captured in the Tropical Pacific and the Indian ocean, should be called Amphiroa alata; they are as HAECKEL supposes, the ewdoxids of Aéyla alata Hkl., the name he proposed for Hvxtey’s specimens, which he thinks different from Aédyla trégona Q. et G. But now Harcxer forgets that GEGENBAUR found some specimens not only in the atlantic ocean but also ‘an der Guineakiiste und in den “westindischen Gewdssern (60 p. 339)’.

Cuun seems to have overlooked the identity between the Eudoxza trigonae of GEGENBAUR, and the eudoxids described by Huxtey. He hopes that further investigations will bring some light (97a p. 32). We have looked in vain for any differences with atlantic specimens. But preserved material is never perfect and as the incompleteness was very great as far as the gonocalyces are concerned, we can give no more elaborate description, but a few sketches may

perhaps suffice (Pl. IV, figg. 37a, 374, 38).

18. Adyla Haeckelt nov. spec. Pl. V, figg. 39, 40, 41.

= Abdyla trigona Huxl. 50. = Abyla alata Hkl. 88.

Stat. 106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 91 P. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 203. Lat. 3°32'.5S., Long. 124°15’.5 E. Cat. 126 F. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat, 215". West 1000 M. distant from North-point of Kabia-island reef. Cat. 128 C. ale. 90°/,. one superior nectophore.

1) It should be borne in mind that Hacker in this case (p. 15) applies the name “face” to what is in reality a cavity.

22 rere)

The measures of the superior nectophores are:

Length Breadth Siz, UO, Cah Cicles 6a oe O aii 6 5 ae 7, cam: StalememOOs Cater... .-. Ai sie 5 6 6 e 3 mm. StateezOp ei CatwalZonl 2.5. 6) Im. . 3). : Bafa) TM. Stats 215%: Cat. 128. C€ i Mh oo oe 5//, mm.

The real difference which exists between Aéyla trigona and Adyla Haeckelt is the presence of one more facet in the superior nectophore. The facet CI is divided into two parts by a new ridge. The deep emargination of the facet, as Harcket calls it, has thus changed into an actual division by the addition of a new ridge. In consequence of this the aspect of the superior nectophore changes entirely.

The odd facets are six in number. Facet A (textfig. 32), D (textfig. 34), E (textfig. 33) are identical with the same facets in Aédyla trigona, so we need not give any further description of them.

A But facet CI (textfig. 36) has become a

2 distinct pentagon with the ridges J, a, 0, &”’, &”.

This facet is the inferior part of the facet CI in

hk Abyla trigona. The upper part facet CII (textfig. 35)

7 consist of the ridges a, e, e, # and is a quadrangle.

os The paired facets change in shape. G and

G’ (textfig. 39) consist of the ridges o (of facet

€l); 2 (of facet Cll), 6 (ef facet D); / (of facets Bandi ky):

The point of e (the junction of e” and @”) does not form directly the limit of the hydroecial

7 to be

cavity. There is yet a very small ridge 2

found. This is the only difference for the facets H and H’.

In addition to this we found that in some superior nectophores the ridges were concave, and the edges where they meet very acute (Cat. 128 C).

So we find some resemblance with Huxtey’s figures

Pp

Figg. 38—4o. Abyla Haeckeli nov. spec. The paired facets of the

superior nectophore.

Fig. 38: facet F (F’), Fig. 39: facet G (G’), Fig. 40: facet H (H’).

Figg. 38—4o: 6.

of his Adyla trigona.

This is yet more clear when we copy HuxLeEy’s description of the superior nectophore (59 p. 82). “The proximal nectocalyx has six faces arranged “around the inferior moiety of its longitudinal axis. “Of these the anterior is an oblong parallellogram “(E) with its inferior angles produced and a little

“divergent; the posterior is triangular (CI) with its apex downwards; the

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE Ix.

Figg. 32—37.- Abyla Haeckeli nov. sp. The odd facets of the superior nectophore.

Fig. 32: facet A,

Fig. 33: facet E,

Fig. 34: facet D,

Fig. 35: facet CII,

Fig. 36: facet CI,

Fig. 37: Aperture of the hydroecial cavity B. Figg. 32—37: X 6.

5

34

“antero-lateral faces are pentagonal (F, F’) the postero-lateral rhomboidal (H, H’). The superior

“extremity of the proximal is cut into four facets; an anterior, hexagonal with concave lateral

“ed

(ox c=)

es (D); a posterior, quadrilateral meeting the last in a transverse ridge (CI) and two

“lateral rhombic faces which fit in between the anterior and posterior facets of the superior

“surface above and between the antero-lateral and postero-lateral below (G, G’).

“The interior face presents an anterior quadrilateral facet (A) in the midst of which is

“a small aperture of the nectosac, surrounded by a five-toothed raised margin. Posteriorly the

“interior face slopes very obliquely upwards and backwards and presents a triangular space

“entirely occupied by the aperture

of the hydroecium (B)”’.

Huxtey found his single specimen in Torres Straits off the South-east coast of New-Guinea.

So we have sufficient reason to believe our specimen to be identical with it. As inferior necto-

nhores, stem and appendages failed entirely we hope that other investigators may fill up this void. The name Aéyla alata Hkl. is to our opinion not a good one as the eudoxids of

Abyla trigona are called thus and we do not know after all if the eudoxids of Aédyla trigona

and Aédyla Haeckeli are similar.

We would have liked to call these specimens Aéyla Huxleyz, as Huxtey after all found these for the first time. But this name has already been used by A. AGassiz and A. G. MAvER

1902 (see Adyla fentagona p. 25).

19. Abyla Leuckarte Huxl.

Abyla

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 E. formald. 4°/,. 2

Pl. V, figg. 42, 43, 44, 45, 46.

Abyla Leuckartit Hux. 59. Leuckarti Huxl., A. Agass. and A. G. Mayer 1902.

alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. Stat. Stats Stat.

203. 220. Anchorage off

Wateasws2esnss

Long. Pasir Pandjang,

One superior nectophore.

superior nectophores and Caz. 67 B.B.

143. Lat. 1°4'.5 S., Long. 127°52'.6 E. Cat. 86C. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

148. Lat. 0° 17'.6S., Long. 129°14'.5 E. Cat. 59 F. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore. [24°15 25 Bb. Gat 126) vale. Gouna: West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 B. formald. 4°/,.

2 superior nectophores.

The measures of the eight specimens of Adyla Leuckarti Huxl. are:

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat: Stat. Stat. 2 Stat. 220.

The only investigators who A. Acassiz and A. G. Mayer.

Gate saCats Gat. > (Gate 148. Cat. Gat. y 1Gat: Cat.

Length Breadth SOuEiaea a eee OWEN o o.0 6 8 4 mm. Oop a 6 Oc Gif, WN, 6 oo oo 4 mm. 67 B.B Oy Sle b oy oe 3. mm. BO Co 5 oboe Fp seminds 6 5b oo 3°/, mm Noy 5 oo a 0 6 7 TAO 5 Go 4 mm. D2OND Sy hee On) pT areas ee 3°/4 mm HAMID SS Soo HyfeiMils 6 56 oc 3 mm Wy 8k og 0 308 Ala SUI eer eae 2 mm.

have found this interesting Adyla Leuckarti are Huxtey and

Huxtey’s specimens had a length of 77/, mm., a breadth of 4 mm., A. AGassiz and

A. G. Maver give the very considerable dimension of 22 mm. in length. Neither of them give

a distinct description of the shape

of the facets.

35

We begin with facet A (textfig. 41) the same facet in Adyla trigona and A. Haeckeli which surrounds the aperture of the nectosac. It consists of the ridges 2, 4, h, g.

Ridge g belongs to facet E (textfig. 42) as in Aédyla trigona and A. Haeckeli. The other ridges of facet E are again ridges £, & and d.

Ridge d is the superior one of a complex of facets which we might identify with D, CII and CI of our 4. Haeckeli (textfig. 43).

Then the side-ridge 7 would consist of c+ 6+e+ 0+”. The ridges a and f have quite disappeared. Near the point where in A. Haeckels we find ridge /, the ridges form together the posterior side of the necto- phore, whilst ridge 6 and ¢ are situated on the top of the nectophore.

Finally there is yet the hydroecial aperture B (textfig. 44) which is three-sided (ridges f, f, 2).

In the paired facets we could think again of the conjunction of some facets; f, 2 of F, G, H and F’, G’, H’ together (textfig. 45).

The superior lateral ridge is ridge 7 and posteriorly ridge f which belongs to the hydroecium. Anteriorly we find ridge & of facet E, on the basal side ridge *# of facet A. Between ridge & and ~ is the posterior side of yet another ridge s which ends quite suddenly, a little before touching the point of ridge %. This abrupt cessation of the ridge could be found clearly in all eight superior nectophores. This ridge might be the same as f.i. ridges 7 and m in Aédyla trigona. Ridge x has apparently disappeared.

As the superior nectophore is ever so much longer than broad, somatocyst, nectosac and hydroecium are also elongated. The somatocyst is broadest under ridge s (Pl. V, fig. 44 som.); in the dorsal wall it pos- sesses very big glandular cells. In the apex it gives off a small canal to the stem.

The nectosac (Pl. V, fig. 44 2.sac) has an elongated, cylindrical tube-shape; a short, thread-like canal goes off from the stem to the apex of the nectosac, divides itself into four canals, whose course is a lateral one; they all end in a circular canal, each of them yet showing a small enlargement.

Of stem and appendages we can tell no more than Huxtey and

Acassiz and Maver could. We found some siphons with clustered tentacle

and tentilla and groups of young appendages, but we could Figg. 41-45. Abyla Leuckarti Huxl. Ss z The facets of the superior nectophore. not find any group sufficiently developed to give an idea of RivegqueucellA. Fin. aotccu the shape of the future Zudoxid. Rea sae ccs) Pay Cl, Ch comes E , . : Fig. 44: Aperture of the hydroecial cavity B, As is said above there were no loose inferior nectophores. Fig. 45: facets F, G, H, (F’, G’, H’) combined. Pp S* 4) e's) y

Figg. 41—45: X 5-

Subfam. Diphyabylinae nobis. Diphyabyla nobis.

20. Diphyabyla Hubrechti nov. gen. nov. spec. Pl. VI, Fig. 47.

Stat. 42. Lat. 7°20:7S. Tong. 117°58':3 Es (Gara118: ales gop. fixation in) Gu SO;eathes chromacid 1°/,. One superior nectophore.

Through the fixation in Cu SO,, then chromacid, this unique specimen of an entirely new genus has probably preserved much of its original shape. The colour of course is much altered but the ridges stand out very clearly, they are of a brownish colour and show markedly against the greenish gelatinous substance.

The Dzphyabyla resembles Difhyes concerning its top, Aédy/a with respect to its base, which has induced us to propose a name which is a combination of that of the two genera.

Again we will use the ridges and their letters as we used them for Aédyla Leuckartz,

Abyla Haeckeli and Adyla trigona.

I ; dp i kh kh ye 7p z ; ve 5 fp i i, : I 50 48 46 % 49. d. 47. Te rs

Figg. 46—51. Diphyabyla Hubrechti nov. gen. nov. spec. The facets of the superior nectophore. Fig. 46: facet A, Fig. 47: facet E, Fig. 48: facet D, CII, CI combined, Fig. 49: aperture of the hydroecial cavity B, Fig. 50: facets F (F’), Fig. 51: facets G+ H (G’-+ H’) combined. Figg. 46—51: 2 X.

We tried to make a comparison between the former and our new specimen. It is especially Abyla Leuckarti which is of the greatest importance.

We suppose ridges #, #, s, s and the lateral side of ridge x of Adyla Leuckarti (see textfig. 45) to have continued upwards; ridge s has moreover gone as far as the point where

it meets ridge /# at an acute angle.

In the apex of the nectophore these ridges &, 2, s, s, ~ grow convergent. Ridges s and vy on both sides meet near the top and go on as one single ridge to the apex, so that we count there four ridges, being #, 2, s + 7 and s+ 7.

The facets are situated as follows: Around the opening of the nectosac we distinguish

again the usual facet A (textfig. 46) whose proximal ridge g is only half as long as the

opposite ridge z.

SY

The course of ridges %, % is a concave one. Ridge 7 is at the same time one of the limits of the hydroecial cavity B (textfig. 49). This cavity has very strong muscular walls: the other ridges around this cavity are f, f. These meet together in the point e but this is not clearly to be seen as the next facet, the most ventral one has two ridges which overlap this point (Pl. VI, fig. 47). The length of the hydroecial cavity measured from point ¢ to ridge z measures 8 mm.

The combinationfacets D + CII + CI (textfig. 48) are club-shaped. We suppose that this complex of facets is the same as in Aédyla Leuckarti.

The ridges are feebly serrated at the top but this gradually increases: near the point & there are very clearly marked teeth.

This combinationfacet is largest on the level of the somatocyst (4 mm.) and then narrows suddenly; the ridges continue on each side; they meet at the top; their whole length is 211/,; mm. They meet in the point a.

Nearly 9'/, mm. from point e’ the combinationfacet D + CII + CI shows an identation, which appears also on the other surrounding facets. It seems as if the Diphyid-like upper part had been put on the Aédyfdlike lower part of the nectophore (PI. VI, fig. 47a) and that they had not yet quite grown together. When we draw a line parallel to the side ridges of the facet D + CII + CI and one in the same direction with the side ridges of the facet E which we will describe later, these two lines meet each other at an angle of about 20°.

Facet E (textfig. 47) is quite easily recognizable. It is situated on the proximal side; immediately underneath is the nectosac (Pl. VI, fig. 47). The side ridges (&, #) have a length of 24 mm. (measured from @’ to ridge g of facet A); the distance between point a’ and the curved part is 8'/, mm. The ridges £, & show a little serrating at the top and this gets more marked near the base; it resembles the dentition near point e’. The greatest breadth of facet E

is near ridge g. There it measures 2'/,

mm.

In Adyla Leuckarti Huxl. we found three odd facets and the opening of the hydroecium. This same number we find back in Diphyabyla Hubrechti. The paired facets are two in number; they too can be compared to the same facets in Adyla Leuckart?.

In the latter we spoke of the complex facets F + G+ H (F’ + G’ + H’) because ridge s did not continue to meet ridge %. This happens in Diphyadyla.

So here we get again the usual facet F (resp. F’ textfig. 49) and the combination facet G+ H (resp. G’ + H’).

This combinationfacet G + H (textfig. 50) consists of four ridges. From point ¢’ the ridge 7 goes off which is the combination of e + 0+ ¢ of Adyla Leuckarté Huxl. This ridge continues straight upwards but before attaining the top (4'/, mm. below it) it is joined by ridge s of the other side. Basally is the ridge / of the hydroecial cavity.

Ridge s begins 1'/, mm. before the angle where ridge f and line f meet. It consists of the combination of ridges 7 and m. It is a little serrated, hardly prominent and has a total length of 23'/, mm. (15'/, mm. from its base to the curved part) and has its course right over the median part of the hydroecial cavity. (PI. VI, fig. 47).

38

Facet F and facet F’ consist of the ridges s, f, 4, & of which ridge & meets s at the top near point a’.

Somatocyst (PI. VI, fig. 47 somz.).

The somatocyst has a length of 4'/, mm., a breadth of 3 mm. It is situated partly underneath the ridges lateral of the complex facet D + CII + Cl. It is of a splendid retort- shape and shows a wall with an irregular network of cells. These are not so well preserved as in Aédyla Leuckarti. Near the upper part of the posterior side one small canal branches off which goes to the hydroecium and from there probably to the nectosac.

The hydroecium is a three-sided cavity, lined by the ridges /, f (point e’) and z. Point é is overhanging the walls of this cavity and these gradually disappear underneath this projecting point. The length of this very big hydroecial cavity is on the nectosac-side 8 mm., on the somatocyst-side 5 mm.

Of stem and appendages little is to be said as we had to leave this unique specimen of a new genus absolutely intact.

By the reflection of direct sunlight on the mirror of the microscope we were able to lighten up the interior of the hydroecium. Then we saw quite clearly, two mature siphons, two young undeveloped siphons, an undistinguishable cluster, probably a cluster of tentilla and a young bract.

The largest siphon was 3 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, distinctly divided into a stomach and a basigaster.

The bract, assumes, as far as we can see, a leaf-like shape, such as some Physophorid- bracts show. (fig. 47 67.). It is not mature, as it shows yet various conglomerations of cells on the surface; the canal of the bract is very broad, which also shows the relative age of this bract. On one side the ridge is very sharply serrated. On the whole the bract has not a Calycophorid-like appearance.

The nectosac measures 19 mm. from its aperture to the curved part of the nectophore; from there to the top da’ it measures about 10 mm. It is broadest at its base (2 mm.) this continues to the level of the somatocyst; then it diminishes gradually. From some way beneath the curved part, its wall is very much damaged going upwards but it is clear and well-preserved again near its apex. The apex of the nectosac lies 3 mm. downward from point a’.

So the nectosac is really the only interior part which is Dzphyzd-like.

We spoke about the canal which runs along the top of the hydroecium. It continues its course proximally upwards and divides itself, when it has arrived in the middle of the nectosac into probably four canals. Two of these go immediately to the lateral walls of the nectosac, they go on proximally and end below on the side of facet E.

Another canal follows probably the hindwall of the nectosac, but it is nearly invisible, especially as the wall near the curved point is nearly destroyed. But we suppose there might be one, as at the top of the nectosac there is an agglomeration of substance (? pigment) as is found in Dzphyids and Monophyids and traces of the canal going upwards and downwards (f.1. Diphyopsts campanulifera Q. et G.). There is probably also a dorsal canal. We could not find out whether these canals are in connection with one another at the base through a ring-canal.

39

Resuming we find that Diphyabyla Hubrechti resembles Aédyla Leuckarti in four points : 1° by the shape of the somatocyst, 2° by the shape of the hydroecium, 3° by the course of the canal which goes to the nectosac, 4° by the general appearance of the basal part of the nectophore.

It resembles Diphyopsinae : 1° by the upper part of the nectophore, as concerns the ridges, 2° by the shape of the nectosac.

Finally the shape of the immature bract is Physophorid-like.

Subfam. Diphyopsinae Hkl. 88a@ and 884.

Some of the following different species of Diphyopsinae bear two names: Diphyes and Diphyopsts because by the effects of the conservation the stem had in many cases contracted itself and lost many of its appendages. It was then in most cases impossible to make out whether there were any special nectophores in the groups of appendages (“Specialschwimmglocken’’), the characteristic peculiarity which distinguishes Harcxen’s genus Diphyopsis.

So we begin be describing the species which decidedly do not show any sign of this development; they are Dzphyes contorta nov. spec., Diphyes dispar Cham. Eys., Diphyes Nier- straszt nov. spec., Diphyes indica nov. spec.

Then we describe three species which resemble Dzphyes, but of which we could not definitely say whether there are special nectophores. Finally we describe four true Diphyopsis.

Unfortunately all inferior nectophores (excepting Diphyopsis campanulifera) were lost. Of course there were many loose inferior nectophores of Dzphyopsinae in the Siboga material, but only for two specimens, there was no question of determination. We suppose that the inferior nectophores do not keep as well in the preserving fluid and are even more delicate than the superior ones. This we have seen in some complete specimens, where the inferior nectophore was quite crumpled up, the superior one tolerably well preserved (Cat. 50 C.B. (2) Diphyes (? Diphyopsis) Gegenbaurit nov. sp.).

Diphyes Cuvier.

21. Diphyes contorta nov. spec. Pl. VI, figg. 48, 49, 50.

Stat. 35. Lat. 8°0'.35., Long. 116°59' E. Cat. 85. alc. g0°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 50. Bay of Badjo, West-coast of Flores. Cat. 166 C.E. formald. 4°/,- 2 specimens.

Stat. 66. Bank between islands of Bahuluwang and Tambolungan, South of Saleyer. Cat. 140 E. alc. g0°/,. 16 specimens.

Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 79 E. alc. Oo | specimens.

Stat. 96. South-east side of Pearl-Bank, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 99 B. alc. go°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 99. Lat. 6°7’.5 N., Long. 120°26' E. Anchorage off North Ubian. Cat. 70 B. alc. go°/ One specimen.

o

Stat. Stat. Stat.

Stat.

Stat: 122 Stat. 1 Stat. 136

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stats Stat. Stat.

Stat. Stat.

Stat.

Stat. Stat.

Stat Stats

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stats

Stat.

Stats Stat:

Stat. State?

106. IIO.

Waa

118.

22

2

5 Wet, S20) S., lbome, i » Watese 20NS)) wong. an

40

Anchorage off Pulu Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 91 J. formald. 4°/,. One specimen. Lat. 4°34’ N., Long. 122°0' E. Cat. 47 A. formald. 4°/,. 22 specimens.

Lat. 1°15’ N., Long. 123°37' E. Caz. 119 C. formald. 4°/-. 3 specimenspand Gaz. 137 B. alc. go0°/,. One specimen.

Lat. 1°38’ N., Long. 1124°'28"2E. Cat. 93) B-A. ale. 90°/5. 5 specimens:

- Lat. 1°58.5 Ni, Long. 125°0'.5 Es Cars 73, A™ formald: 42/). One specimen: 25. Anchorage off Sawan, Siau-island. Cat. 36 A. alc. go°/,. 2 specimens. . Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 J. formald. 4°/,. 8 specimens and Cat. 67 B.D. alc. 90°/..

2 specimens.

. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Ca¢. 172 A. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens

and Cat. 92 A. alc. go°/,. 2 specimens.

- deat. 1°4).5 S:, bongs 1277152"6 E. (Gaz. 86 A alc g09/--sOneuspecimen:

. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Ca¢. 122 C. formald. 4°/,. 22 specimens. = Wat. 07 36'S: Longs 12653207 Hay G27 33 bea) dlc G07/ 2 sSpecimens:

. Lat. 0°17.6S., Long. 129° 14'.5 E. Caz. 59 D. alc. 90°/,. One specimen.

. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool.

Cat. 164 H. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

. Anchorage North of Sabuda-islands. Cat. 97 B. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens. . Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New-Guinea. Caz. 55 B. formald. 4°/..

22 specimens.

. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Caz. 42 A. formald. 4°/..

5 specimens.

. Waru-bay, North-coast of Ceram. Cat. 35 B. alc. 90°/,. 24 specimens. . Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South-coast of Manipa-islands. Caz. 142 C. ale.

go°/,. 2 specimens.

22'.9 E. Cat. 100 A. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens.

20.5 E. North side of Manipa-strait. Ca¢. 25 V.E. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

"Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46 E. Cat. 65 D.C. formald. 4°/,. One specimen and Caz.

127 F.F. alc. 90°/,. 5 specimens. Lat. 1°53'.5S., Long. 126°39 E. Cat. 23 A.A. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens.

+ Lat: 3°32/5,S5, ong. 124°15 <5 Ha Gar 1201©) ale) Qou/ss) Onelspecimen:

Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings including Pulu-Pasi-Tanette, near the North- point of Saleyer-islands. Caz. 78 E. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

*, West 1000 M. distant from North-point of Kabia-island reef. Caz. 128 A. alc. 90°/,.

II specimens.

. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 A. formald. 4°/,.

24 specimens and Cat. 144 B. alc. go°/,. 28 specimens.

23. Lat. 5°44'.7S., Long. 126°27.3 E. Caz. 31 C.A. alc. 907/,..8) specimens.

225. 5700 M. N., 279° E. from South point of South Lucipara-island. Caz. 45 B. alc. 90°).

8 specimens.

245. Lat. 4°16.5S., Long. 130°15.8E. Cat. 143 A. alc. 90°/,. 38 specimens.

. Lat. 6°47.5S., Long. 128°40..5 E. Caz. 138 F. ale. 90%/,. Qo specimens.

This new species of Dzphyeds was represented by 302 specimens. It is characterized by

the absolute contortion of the somatocyst and the facet to which it belongs. There were only

superior nectophores, as all loose inferior of Dzphyids were very badly preserved and we could

not possibly make out the place that should be allotted to them in the system.

These superior nectophores are all comparatively small, measuring from 4—8 mm., the

breadth from 2—3 mm. taken at the base along the aperture of the nectosac. They are tolerably

well preserved. (Pl. VI, fig. 48).

41

Seen from the dorsal side, with the nectosac clearly proximal, we see a most beautiful oval-shaped facet (A) with two lateral serrated ridges whose course shows a very perfect convexity. These two ridges do not meet at the base, for there is yet a basal ridge, standing transversely on the oval. In the centre this ridge shows a slight rise. There we see an absolutely median ridge, which begins at the base of the facet near the velum, goes upwards, but does not finish in the apex of the oval. It looses itself quite suddenly in the gelatinous substance. This odd ridge (fig. 48a) is not serrated. In some specimens it disappears already in the lower half of the oval (Cat. 122 C. fig. 48) in others in the upper half (Cat. 164 H. figg. 49, 50).

The lateral convex ridges of facet A are at the same time the lateral ones of a pair of facets B, B’ (PI. VI, figg. 49, 50 2) situated on the right and left side of the proximal facet A. They are much more irregular, very concave, as their gelatinous substance is overlapped a good deal by the prominent lateral ridges of facet A. They are however well-developed, their ridges begin at the top, the two posterior ones having a regular concave course. These ridges are at the same time the lateral ridges of the posterior or ventral facet. They differ however one from another. The left lateral ridge (facet B’) is clearly seen in a lateral sketch taken from the left side (Pl. VI, fig. 49) but the right lateral ridge (facet B) goes parallel with the course of the somatocyst, about which we shall speak later. The ridge B’ is therefore narrower than B especially near the apex. Basally facet B’ shows us a ridge, the limits of the hydroecial cavity. It goes on quite pointedly at the basal part of the nectosac, then goes upwards again and bends itself. Near the lateral ridges of facet A it continues into the basal one of the latter. Especially there where the ridge is produced into a sharp point it is finely serrated.

It is clear that judging from the irregularity and the position of the paired lateral facets, the odd ventral one (C) is not quite median. It is twisted, beginning at the base, and then proximally to the left (see Pl. VI, fig. 50). The lateral ridges of this facet are serrated near the basal part; the ridges continue and form the hindwall and the limits of the hydroecial cavity. Near the aperture they are very much serrated.

Interior. The nectosac has the shape such as Harcket 88b describes for true Dzphyes- like specimens. In Cat. 164 H it is less well-preserved than in Cat. 122 C. It has a cylindrical shape, very broad as the anterior wall reaches nearly the front median ridge, while the posterior one is underneath half of the breadth of the paired lateral facets B and B’. The canals in the nectosac were probably absolutely invisible in consequence of imperfect conservation.

The hydroecial cavity is small (see ventral fig. 51 yd.) shallow, campanulate.

The somatocyst (figg. 49, 50 som.) is nearly threadlike at the top of the hydroecium. This stalk-like structure widens quite suddenly into a broad, more or less club-shaped vesicle, in which there are sometimes white calcareous granules. The somatocyst is never pointed nor elongated at its top, but always blunt.

In the stem and appendages nothing particular was seen, owing also to the incomplete preservation. In some specimens the groups of appendages would have been well enough developed to show the appearance of a bud which would become a special nectophore. But this bud always failed. We have seen clearly in some specimens, the development of a gonophore

but never of a special gonocalyx.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE IX, 6

42

i) i)

Diphyes dispar Cham. u. Eys. Pl. VI, figg. 51, 52.

= Diphyes dispar Cham. u. Eys. 21. = Diphyes angustata Eschsch. 29. = Diphyes regularis Meyen 34a.

= Diphyes dispar Huxl. 59.

Stat. 135. Lat. 1°34’ N., Long. 126°54' E. Caz. 167. One superior nectophore.

Cuun (97a) has put amongst the synonyms of Diphyopsis campanulifera Q. et G. 27 (with a note of interrogation) the Lzphora bipartita found by Bory de St. Vincent 1804 and described and figured by Cuamisso and Eysennarpr 21 under the name of Dzphyes dispar.

He says p. 27 (97a) “Ausserordentlich nahe (to Diphyopses campanulifera) steht ihr die “pacifische von Cuamisso und Eysennarpr entdeckte Diphyes dispar. Inwieweit sie specifisch von “D. campanulifera verschieden ist, miissen weitere Untersuchungen lehren. Sie ist entschieden “identisch mit Dphyes angustata Eschscholtz’’.

From the descriptions of Cuamisso and Eysennarpr, Escuscnoitz, Mreyen, Huxiry, we conclude that they all found the development of a special nectophore in the groups of appendages. In that case Diphyes dispar should be termed Dephyopsis dispar.

Now the Siboga expedition captured a superior nectophore of large dimension, which shows the greatest conformity with the description of the authors we mentioned above.

The total length is about two centimeters; unfortunately the upper part is damaged and there is no clear sketch to be given.

The breadth is (measured from the posterior ridge of the nectophore at its basal part to the dorsal ridge) 1'/, cm. Evidently the specimen is relatively very broad (PI. VI, fig. 51).

It is pyramidal and possesses 5 ridges from apex to base. All the ridges are serrated near the top, these teeth disappear gradually and show themselves again near the base. Then the serrating is quite developed again at the base of the ridges which form the anterior part of the hydroecial cavity.

The shape of the dorsal tooth and lateral teeth, the proximal ridge of the hydroecium are quite identical with the figures in Hux.ey’s description (59 p. 30, Pl. I, figg. 1, 1a).

The two proximal ridges of the hydroecium are not serrated distally; they are '/, longer than the distal ones, so the lateral ridges have a curved course. Anteriorly the nectophore is curved convexly, posteriorly this is even more marked; the size of the hydroecium is therefore very important, the breadth of the hydroecial cavity is f.1. twice as big as the breadth of the nectosac taken on the same level (6 mm. and 2 mm.). The height of the hydroecium is 9 mm. (measured from the basal transverse ridges to the implantation of the stem).

The somatocyst is very long, tube-like, its course is curved, it is narrow near the stem and goes some way up close to the wall of the nectosac.

The nectosac is about 3 mm. broad, its course is parallel to the dorsal ridge; near the proximal part of the nectophore it narrows out into a threadtike appendage. The damage it had undergone, prevented us from finding out how long this upper part is.

The stem is well-preserved; it shows, besides the undeveloped groups, fourteen developed

43

ones. These consist of a siphon, a group of tentilla and some small buds, probably the bract and the gonophore.

On Pl. VI, fig. 52 we gave a sketch of one of these developed groups; it shows clearly the siphon, the bract, the tentilla and one bud, the future gonophore. There is no trace to be seen of the development of a special gonocalyx in the group.

So instead of using the genusname Dzphyopsis, we go back again to the original name Diphyes as it was given by Cuamisso and Eyvsennarprt, being convinced that the Siboga-specimens are identical to theirs.

23. Diphyes Nierstrasz¢ nov. spec. Pl. VII, fig. 53.

Stat. 50. Bay of Badjo, West-coast of Flores. Ca¢. 166 C.G. formald. 4°/,. 19 superior nectophores.

Stat. 106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Ca¢. 91 N. formald. 4°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

Stat. 112. Lat. 3°1 Ni, Long. 122°2'E. Caz 76 B. ale. 90°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

Stat. 125. Anchorage off Sawan, Siau-island. Cas. 36D. alc. g0°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 141. Lat. 1°0.4S., Long. 127°25'.3 E. Cat. 44 F.H. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakié-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 C. formald. 4°/,. 10 superior nectophores.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Cat. 42 B. formald. 4°/,. 5 superior nectophores.

Stat. 189%. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46' E. Cat. 65 D.A. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126° 39’ E. Cat. 23 A A. (2). formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang; West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 77 A. formald. 4°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

The length of these 50 specimens varied from 7 to 15 mm. They differ essentially from Diphyopsis campanulifera Q. et G. which is described on p. 49 through the absence of any special nectophore in the groups of appendages and also through the difference in size. There were only superior nectophores, though some very much developed inferior ones were to be found on the stem of a few specimens. Another difference with Dzphyopsis campanulifera is the length of the stem between two groups of appendages. In Dzphyes Neerstrasziz there is a considerable distance between two groups. This occurs in all the specimens whose groups are sufficiently well-developed. It is not merely in some of them that we noticed this particularity. At the same time we found only four developed groups on one specimen; in Dzphyopsis cam- panulifera of the Siboga expedition we have found a much larger number (see PI. VIII, fig. 63). These groups are also much larger in size than the same in Diphyopsis campanulifera at the same stage of development. The shape of the nectophores, of the nectosac, the somatocyst, the hydroecium etc. is the same as in Dzphyopsis.

Diphyes indica nov. spec. Diphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana nov. spec. Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbaurit nov. spec.

Diphyes contorta was in itself easily to be distinguished from all other Dzphyzds through

44

the torsion of the somatocyst. So was Diphyes dispar as it has a very remarkable shape and is of larger size than any other Dzphyeds in the Siboga expedition. Diphyes Nierstraszi too was easily to be distinguished from the other Dzphyzds. But the following species Diphyes indica nov. spec., Diphyes (Diphyopsis) matlayana nov. spec., Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbauri nov. spec. form a natural group of closely related species. They are easily to be distinguished one from the other as our figures demonstrate (compare Pl. VII, figg. 53—57, Pl. VII, fig. 58) but we tried first to identify them with known Dphyopsinae, being reluctant to add more new names unless inevitable. We thought first of all of the superior nectophores of Doramasia dojant Ch. when we examined the same in Dzphyes indica. This may seem strange as CHuN called Doramasia bojant a Monophyid. But he only mentions (92 p. 110) having captured them together in the Pacific Ocean with 4yrsaea dojanz. This does not imply that they belong to each other. He never saw any Zysaezds developing themselves on the stem of Doramasza bojant. In the description of Dzphyes indica we will mention points of similarity between this species and the latter. We also compared the descriptions of Dzphyes serrata Ch. 88, 97a and of Diphyes Steenstrupit Ggbr. 6O with our new specimens Diphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana and Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbaurt.

Altogether the three new names are given with some hesitation. The not very perfect state of preservation, the absence of inferior nectophores and of any well-preserved stem and

appendages leave room for some diffidence. We will however now pass on to their description.

24. Diphyes indica nov. spec. Pl. VII, fig. 54.

Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 79 G. alc. go°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 118. Lat. 1°38 N., Long. 124°28'.2 E. Cat. 93 B.A. alc. go°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Cat. 50 C.B. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 225. 5700 M. N. 279° E. from South-point of South-Lucipara-island. Caz. 45 A. alc. g0°/,. 7 specimens.

Stat. 276. Wat. 6047-5 .9., Long. 1287405 Ha Caz, 138 He ales 90; /-.) Onesspeciment

All the specimens being preserved in alcohol 90°/,, we are sorry to say that there are none that are absolutely complete. First of all the inferior nectophores failed and of the superior ones the stem was very much altered. Still we find these 8 superior nectophores different from the other Dzphyids of the Siboga material. Their length is about 9—11 mm. the breadth 2—2'/, mm. They are very slender, elongated specimens.

Taking them sideways (PI. VII, fig. 54) one is struck by the great similarity to the sketch of Doramasia bojant Ch. 92 this doubtful A/onophyzd. The length of the cylindrical nectosac, the position of the somatocyst and the hydroecium and even, though in lesser degree, the curve which the five ridges describe in the upper third part of the nectophore are more or less similar. But the lateral teeth of the ridges at the basal side are more developed, and more scale-like than the Doramasia bojant. Sometimes, in Dephyes indica, these lateral teeth are so big that they overlap the dorsal one.

There is some resemblance too, we suppose, with Cuun’s Diphyes serrata (88) but up to

now we have no sketches of this species and the description is not quite complete. Moreover

45

the curve in the upper part of the ridges does not occur in Diphyes serrata according to CHuN (88 p. 1858, 97a p. 26). The dorsal ridge of these 8 specimens is not serrated, the basal part of the four others only slightly; the basal ones of the hydroecial cavity do not show any serrating.

There is one specimen (Cat. 138 H.) the stem of which is yet clearly preserved. We there notice the development of a bud, a future gonophore, but no traces could be found of a bud for a young special nectophore in the oldest group of appendages.

So we use here the genusname Dfhyes, although the shape of the nectosac is the same as Haeckel 88b describes for Diphyopszs.

25. Diphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana nov. spec. Pl. VII, figg. 55, 56.

Siaits wigs Ibi, ie iG INE, Wereraes

123° 37 E. Cat. 119 A. formald. 4,/°. One superior nectophore. StateerSse eats 2520) S55 luone. 127

22 a5) 6 E. Cat. 100 A. (2). formald. 4°/,. 3 superior nectophores.

Length of the superior nectophore 9—10 mm. We found some similarity between Diphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana and Cuun’s Diphyes serrata (88). Unfortunately the two descriptions (88, 97a) are yet incomplete. In 1897 he promises to give a more accurate description which however, up to this time, has not yet appeared. Of the hydroecium he tells us that it shows differences with the hydroecium in Diphyes Steenstrupiz, but he does not tell us which are these differences. He even omits to give the different measures. The only characteristic given, by which to our opinion Dephyes serrata differs from Diphyes Steenstrupii Ggbr. is the scale-like shape of the lateral teeth near the velum. These are less well-developed, more elongate in Diphyes Steenstrupii and in our Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbaurt. We have often thought how remarkably well the description of Cuun’s Dephyes serrata fits in with his description of Dora- masta bojant Ch. But these are of course only suppositions. We hope that Cuun will soon provide us with a more complete description of both Doramasia éojani and Diphyes serrata. Our Diphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana is to be distinguished from Doramasia bojani, by the shape of the upper part of the nectophore.

In our species there are originally at the apex four ridges, but very soon the ventral ridge divides itself into two. One of these ridges forms the left lateral ridge, ending in the left lateral tooth near the velum, the other is part of the ventral facet: it is the most distally situated ridge in the nectophore. This is only on the left side; for if this division had Alb occurred on the right side, there would have been six ridges. In Diphyes Steenstrupit, GEGENBAUR says that the ventral ridge divides itself sooner or later (“friiher oder spiiter’’). This occurs quite near the top in our new species but this makes no great difference. This division of the four ridges into five, distinguishes our Dzphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana from CuuN’s Diphyes serrata which consists entirely of five ridges.

The difference between Diphyes Steenstrupit and Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbauri lies in the shape of the lateral teeth as is said above. They are very much developed and broad. It differs from Dzphyes tndica through the absence of the wing-like enlarzements in the upper third part of the ridges; moreover the hydroecium-ridges are convex.

The ridges in Dephyes (Diphyopsis) malayana are slightly serrated in the distal part of

the nectophore. The lateral teeth are much more developed than the dorsal one.

46

The nectosac is cylindrical, narrows out very gradually; it has the shape of a true Dzphyes. It is accompanied by the tubular, elongated somatocyst which is nearly of the same breadth from top to base. The hydroecium-top is situated a little above the last third part of the whole length of the nectophore.

In two specimens we could clearly see the young bud of the inferior nectophore, but nothing can be said of the clusters of appendages, which are badly preserved and incomplete.

We could not find out whether there are special nectophores in the groups.

26. Diphyes (Diphyopsis) Gegenbaurt nov. spec. Pl. VII, fig. 57; Pl. VIII, fig. 58.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80S. (2). formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Cat. 97 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Cat. 42 A. (2). formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Cat. 50 C.B. (2). alc. .go0°/,. One complete specimen.

The four superior nectophores are very slender, tiny and delicate. Their length varies from 6'/,—8'/, mm. At first sight they resemble very much the upper nectophores of Doramasza dojant Ch. or our Doramasia pictoides. But also here the division occurs of one of the four principal ridges into two (PI. VIII, fig. 58) near the apex of the nectophore. In this respect they resemble Dzphyes Steenstrupit Ggbr. and Diphyes (Lthyopsis) malayana. TVhey have also lateral teeth possessing the same shape as in Diphyes Steenstrupit Ggbr. The points of resemblance with the latter are numerous; the ventral ridges of the hydroecium only having a more inclined, concave course. All the ridges are serrated; the dorsal tooth differs one third in length from the lateral ones.

The nectosac narrows very gradually towards the top of the nectophore. The somatocyst is narrow, nearly of the same breadth and runs along the lateral sides of the nectosac.

The hydroecium has the same position as in Daphyes (Diphyopsis) malayana.

As is shown above there is a great resemblance with Doramasza pictoides, but we have distinctly seen a bud, the future inferior nectophore in one of our specimens and we even possess a complete specimen (Cat. 50 C.B. (2)). Unfortunately the inferior nectophore is absolutely unrecognizable; it has quite shrivelled up through the preservation.

Another specimen (Cat. 80S. (2)) shows a distinct group of appendages; the bract is developed but no traces are to be found of any gonophores or special gonocalyces. So we cannot

make any conclusion about these four nectophores belonging to the genus Dzphyes or Diphyopsis.

27. Diphyes (Diphyopsis) subtiloides nov. spec. Pl. VII, figg. 59, 60, 61.

Stat. 104. Sulu-harbour, Sulu-island. Cat. 103 A. alc. 90°/,. 4 specimens.

stat. 117°. Lat. 1°15 N., Long. 123°37 E. Cat. 137 By ale; 90+/.. One, specimen,

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 801. formald. 4°/,. 18 specimens and Caz. 67 B.C. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 138. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Cat. 172 A. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens and Cat. 92 A. alc. 90°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 141. Lat. 1°0.4S., Long. 127°25'.3 E. Cat. 44 F.F. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

47

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Ca¢. 122 C. formald 4°/,. 18 specimens. Stat. 146. Lat. 0°36’S., Long. 128°32'.7 E. Caz. 64 H. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens. i Stat. 149. Fau-anchorage and lagune. West-coast of Gebé-island. Cat. 66 A. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens. Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 B. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Cay. 42 A. formald. 4°/.. I4 specimens.

Stat. 184. Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South-coast of Manipa-island. Caz. 142 I. alc. 90°. One specimen.

Stat. 186. Lat. 3° 10.5 S., Long. 127° 20'.5 E. North-side of Manipa-strait. Cat. 25 V.F. formald. 4°/,. 16 specimens.

Stat. 189°. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46’E. Cat. 65 D.F. formald. 4°/,. 5 specimens and Cat. 127 F.G. alc. g0°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'.5S., Long. 126°39’E. Caz. 23 A.A. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Caz. 77 A. formald. Aes One specimen.

Stat. 229. Lat. 4°23'S., Long. 128°45’.5 E. Cat. 82 B. formald. 4°/,. 6 specimens.

Of this new species 110 superior nectophores were captured. Diphyes (Diphyopsis ) subtiloides is closely allied to Diphyes subtétis Chun 86. In 1885 Cuun described a superior nectophore of a Dzphyid-like shape and another nectophore, whose characteristics were the absence of any somatocyst and the position of the small stem and appendages in the top of the nectocalyx. He judges the former to be the primary nectophore of the Monophyid Monophyes wrregularts, the latter the primary nectophore of the Monophyid Sphaeronectes gracilis. He had come to this conclusion by the shape and disposition of the groups of appendages on the stem. These are, he tells us, absolutely identical in the above-mentioned nectophores to those in the Monophyids, Monophyes trregularis and Sphaeronectes gracilis. He tells us how in Monophyids there are besides the groups, consisting of buds for future siphon, tentacle, bract and gonophore yet other groups consisting only of future bract and gonophore. This, he says, is quite characteristic for Monophyids. In Diphyids such undeveloped groups are never to be found.

In 1886 he corrects his work of 1885. He finds that the so-called primary nectophores of Monophyids are the superior and inferior nectophores of a new Diphyid, Dephyes subtilis, of which after a long search he found a complete specimen.

What about the development of the incomplete groups between the complete ones? About this important matter he tells us nothing at all although he finds specimens with twenty- four groups of appendages.

We had the opportunity of studying Déphyes suétidis in Naples, where during the months of January and February 1906, loose superior and inferior, and often complete specimens occurred every day in the plankton. But we unfortunately never found any well-developed appendages. They were all exceedingly tiny specimens, very fragile and we suppose that the least disturbance on or near the nectophores occasions the falling off of the inferior nectophores and of the stem. In fact we found many times loose inferior nectophores with the very tiny stem and appendages clasped yet between the wing-like ridges, in the superior part such as Cuun sketched (85 fig. 5). But as to a further investigation into the disposition of the appendages of the stem, we had to give that up as we had no occasion to remain longer in Naples.

It has been of much use to us to have been able to examine live Diphyes subtilis Ch.

48 as in the Siboga expedition there were about 110 specimens which had the greatest resemblance with Cuun’s species. The only difference was the shape of the somatocyst and the shape of the top of the nectophore which in our type was more pointed. But this latter detail seems to be of less importance.

We found in all mediterranean Dephyes subtilis that the somatocyst is rounded, club- shaped with a long thread stalk. Even when put in formaldehyd this shape did not change, it is exactly as Cuun figures it (85 fig. 3).

In our specimens the somatocyst is of a cylindrical shape, sometimes only '/, of the whole length of the nectophore, sometimes longer ('/,, '/,). It is always tubular, only gets narrower near the base, near the implantation of the stem.

So we think our specimens of the tropical Pacific different from Cuun’s mediterranean specimens and we use the specific denomination ‘saé¢zlozdes’’ to denote the close connection between the two. The length of the superior nectophores is 5—6 mm., the breadth 2—2'/, mm.

The superior nectophore is very fragile, the gelatinous substance is inconsistent. The nectosac is a long cylindrical tube, the top reaches very far proximally into the gelatinous substance; on the whole the nectosac is too much developed for the fragility of the nectophore. Of the course of the canals nothing could be seen. There are five ridges, a proximal dorsal odd one, a pair of lateral ones, and a pair of ventral ones, forming the ventral facet of the nectophore. None of these are prominent, nor serrated; the whole nectophore is smooth and flabby. We have already spoken of the somatocyst.

The stem and appendages were incompletely preserved; in one of the specimens a bud, the future inferior nectophore was to be seen. As to the development of siphon, tentilla, bract, gonophore, special nectophore or no special nectophore, nothing was clearly enough preserved

for further investigation.

Eudoxia Eschsch.

28. Eudoxia campanula Lkt. Pl. VII, fig. 62.

= LEudoxia campanula Lkt. 53.

= Eudoxia messanessis Ggbr. 54. = Cucullus Gegenbaurt Ukl. 88a. = Cucullus campaniula Hkl. 880.

Stat. 36. Lat. 7°38 S., Long. 117°31 E. Caz, 41 D. alc. oo>/,. One incomplete specimen:

Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 79 C. alc. go°/,. 3 in- complete, one complete specimen.

Stat. 118. Lat. 1°38’ N., Long. 124°28°2 E. (Gat. 93 BLE. ales90,)4. 3) specimens.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 K. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 138. Anchorage on the East-coast of Kajoa-island. Cat. 172 E. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens and Cat. 92 D. alc. 9°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 B. formald. 4°/,. 3 complete, 22 incomplete specimens.

Stat. 149. Fau-anchorage and lagune, West-coast of Gebe-island. Ca?¢. 66 B. alc. g0°/,. 5 specimens.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 G. formald. 4°/,. One complete, 3 incomplete specimens.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

168. 169. 172s Rife 189* 194.

220.

49

Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 A. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete, 24 incomplete specimens.

Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New-Guinea. Cat. 55 A. formald. 4°/.. One complete, 7 incomplete specimens.

Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cat. 42 E. formald. 4°/.. 29 complete, 65 incomplete specimens.

Meat 30) S=5 lone. 120,269. Gaz, 958. alexg0;/s. 97 incomplete, 7 complete

specimens.

. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46' E. Cat. 65 D.I. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete, 7 incomplete

specimens.

Lat. 1°53.5S., Long. 126°39' E. Caz. 23 A.G. formald. 4°/,. One complete, 2¢ incomplete specimens.

Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Cat. 144 A. alc. 90°/.. 3 incomplete specimens.

We were very much surprised to find only Ludoxia campanula Lkt. and no specimens

of Diphyes Sieboldii to which it belongs. We cannot account for its absence. Of course there

are still a great number left of superior nectophores which through their bad preservation could

not be determined. Perhaps there may have been some Diphyes Sieboldic between these. We

had the occasion of observing live specimens of this Dzphyzd in Naples, and we are quite sure

these differ from all the Dzphyopsinae of the Siboga expedition, even when we take into account

the difficulty of comparing live specimens with preserved material.

The specimens of Eudoxia campanula Lkt. were fairly well-preserved. They do not differ

in structure from the original Awdoxta campanula of LeuCKART’s 58 as may be seen by our sketch (Pl. VII, fig. 62).

Diphyopsis Hkl.

29. Diphyopsis campanulifera Q. et G. Pl. VIII, fig. 63.

I

Diphyes Quoy et Gaimard. 27.

= Diphyes campanulifera Eschsch. 29 = Diphyes Blainville 30.

= Diphyes Bory Quoy et Gaimard 33. = Diphyes campanulifera Ggbr. 60.

= Diphvopsis campanulifera Ch. 88. = Diphyopsis compressa Hkl. 886.

Stat. Stat.

Stats

Stat:

Stat. Stat.

Stais Stat.

30. go.

99:

106.

119. 136.

143. 144.

Lat. 7°38'S., Long. 117931’ E. Cat. 41 A. alc. 90°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

South-east side of Pearl-bank, Sulu-archipelago. Ca¢. 135. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Lat. 6°7’.5 N., Long. 120°26’E. Anchorage off North Ubian. June 28 and 29 to the West; June 30 to the East of the island. Cat. 70 B. alc. go°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 91 N. (1). formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore of ? Diphyopsis campanulifera.

Lat. 1°33'.5 N., Long. 124°41' E. Cat. 32 A. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen.

Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 A. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete, 7 loose superior, 4 loose inferior nectophores.

Lat. 1°4'.5 S., Long. 127°52'.6E. Cat. 86D. alc. 90°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat, 122 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 inferior nectophores of ? Diphyopsis campanulifera.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE 1X. 7

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

Stat: Stat. Stat.

50

146. Lat. 0°36'S., Long. 128° 32'.7 E. Cat. 64 G. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore of ? Diphyopsis campanulifera.

165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-islands (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 O. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior, 2 inferior nectophores, the last being badly preserved.

184. Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South-coast of Manipa-island. Caz. 142 E. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

185. Lat. 3°20'S., Long. 127°22'.9 E. Manipa-strait from 1536 M. to surface. Cat. 100 A. (1). formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

189". Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46' E. Cat. 65 D.P. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore of ? Diphyopsis campanulifera.

194. Lat. 1°53.5 S., Long. 126°39 E. Cat. 23 A.A. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen, One complete specimen, one inferior nectophore of ? Diphyopsis campanulifera.

194—197. (194 = Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126° 39’ E. 195 = Lat. 1°55'S., Long. 126°50'.7 E. 196 = Lat. 1°52'.8S., Long. 127°6' E. 197 = Lat. 1°45'.35., Long. 127°8'.3 E.). Cat. 75 B.A. alc. go°/,. 5 superior nectophores.

203. Lat. 3°32.5S., Long. 124°15'.5 E. Cat. 173 C.B. formald. 4°/,. One superior necto- phore and Cat. 126C. alc. 90°/,. 12 superior nectophores.

205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Cat. 50 C.B. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore.

217. Lat. 6°40.6S., Long. 123°14'.7 E. Cat. 120. formald. 4°/,. One complete specimen.

282. Lat. 8°25'.2S., Long. 127°18.4 E. Anchorage between Nusa-Besi and the N.E. point of Timor. Caz. 51 B. alc. 90°/,. One superior nectophore.

Ersaea Eschsch.

30. Ersaea Lessont Huxl. Pl. VIII, fig. 64.

= ? Ersaea Gaimardi Eschsch. 29. = ? Eudoxia Lessonit Eschsch. 29.

Eudoxia Lesson Huxl. 59. Eudoxia Lessonit Fewk. 81.

= Ersaea compressa Hkl. 88. = Ersaea Lesson Chun 97a.

Stats Stat:

Stat. Stat.

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat.

Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat. Stat.

36. Lat. 7°38'S., Long. 117°31 E. Caz. 41 C. alc. 907/,. One specimen.

50. Bay of Badjo, West-coast of Flores. Cat. 166 C.A. formald. 4°/,. 11 complete, 5 incomplete specimens.

96. South-east side of Pearl-bank, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 99 F. alc. 90°/,. 48 specimens.

gg. Lat. 6°7'.5 N., Long. 120°26'E. Anchorage off North-Ubian. June 28, 29 to the West; June 30 to the East of the island. Cat. 70 D. alc. go°/,. 18 specimens.

104. Sulu-harbour Sulu-island. Caz. 103 C. alc. 90°/,. 5 specimens.

106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 91 J. formald. 4°/,. 20 specimens.

1og. Anchorage off Pulu-Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 87 D. formald. 4,/°. One specimen.

110. Lat. 4°34'N., Long. 122°0 E. Caz. 47 B. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens.

117*, Lat. 1°15’ N., Long. 123°37' E. Caz. 119 B. formald. 4°/,. 50 specimens and Caz. 137 A. alc. go°/,. 120 specimens.

122. Lat. 1°38. N., Mone. 125 on5is (Gare 7eibe tomaldends/ hm 1iQuspecimens:

125. Anchorage off Sawan-Siau island. Caz. 36. alc. 90°/,. 7 complete specimens.

144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Caz. 122 B. formald. 4°/,. 21 specimens.

146. Lat. 0°36'S., Long. 128°2’.7 E. Cat. 64 E. formald. 4°/,. 6 specimens.

148. Lat. 0°17'.6S., Long. 129°14'.5 E. Cat. 59 A. alc. 90°/,. One complete specimen.

149. Fau-anchorage and lagune, West-coast of Gebé-island. Caz. 66 B. alc. 90°/,. 8 specimens.

165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island, East-coast of Misool. Caz. 164 A. formald. 4°/,. 21 specimens.

51

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Cat. 97 A. formald. 4°/,. 11 complete specimens.

Stat. 169. Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New Guinea. Cat. 55 A. formald. 4°/,. IO specimens and Caz. 149 A. alc. 90°/,. 20 specimens.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cat. 42 E. formald. 4°/.. 24 specimens.

Stat. 174. Waru-bay, North-coast of Ceram. Cat. 35 F. alc. 90°/,. 8 specimens.

States love lente Tan 56., one. 20230 Ha Cr7123 0.1). formald.-45/--, 5. specimens:

StatzOseibates 3251S. longs 124s Ges h.Ga7. 1201. ales "0u)-. LO) Specimens.

Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Caf. 102 C. formald. 4°/,. 26 specimens and Cat. 50 C.A. alc. go°/,. 112 specimens.

Stata 2ro‘llat. 5726S.) Kone. 12141o ih. 2a) SoA... formald: 4s/- o;specimens.

Stat. 213. Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings, including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North- point of Saleyer-island. Cat. 78 B. alc. 90°/,. 2 specimens.

State2z2s) Mat. 5° 44'.7S., Mong. 126° 27 38. ‘C27. 31 B., alc..90°/,--One) specimen:

Stats 2454 Ieat. 4° 167.5 S;, Long. Te0.rs 8). Car. 143.2 ale: .007/,: 5 specimens.

Stat. 315. Sailus Besar, Paternoster-islands. Cat. 129 A. formald. 4°/,. 70 specimens.

Diphyopsis campanulifera Q. et G.

This very well-known species Diphyopsis campanulifera Q. et G. is found in rather large quantities in the Siboga material. They are by far the best preserved. They owe this to their great consistency, the gelatinous substance being well-developed and firm.

We found four complete specimens one of which we sketched (PI. VIII, fig. 63) 42 loose superior nectophores and 9 loose inferior ones. These latter however are not well-preserved enough to make us feel sure that they indeed belong to Diphyopszs campanulifera Q. et G.

The four complete ones are at the same time the largest in size, of Cat. 32 A. the length of the two nectophores is 33 mm. of Cat. 80 A. 28 mm. and 20 mm.,, sizes which we only found back in Dzphyabyla.

The sketch given is of Cat. 80 A. size 28 mm. The stem and appendages are well- preserved in this specimen. The difference in size of the groups of appendages with relation to the size of the superior nectophore should be particularly noticed and the same in Dephyes Nierstrasztii which perhaps is closely related to Diphyopsis campanulifera.

The eudoxid of the latter, Avsaea Lessond Huxl. we found in the unusual great number of 714 specimens, the largest quantity of one species of Calycophorae of the Siboga expedition.

These specimens vary in size but do not show any structural difference with the Ersaea Lessoni as it was once described very clearly by Huxtey 59, Fewxes 81 etc.

For completeness’ sake we give a sketch of one of the more perfect specimens.

31. Diphyopsis diphyoides nov. spec. Pl. VIII, figg. 65, 66.

Stat. 106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 91 O. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 109. Anchorage off Pulu-Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 87 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Statyuny= Ieat. t215 N., Long. 123937.E 3 Caz. 137B. ale.90°/,. 2 Specimens.

Stat. 125. Anchorage off Sawang, Siau-island. Cat. 36 B. alc. go°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 H. formald. 4°/,. 9 specimens and Cat. 67 B.F. alc. 90°/.. 4 specimens. >

Stat. 143. Lat: 1°4'.5S., Long: 127° 526 E. Caz. 86 B. alc: 90°/5. 3 specimens.

2

un

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Caz. 122 C. formald. 4°/,. 16specimens.

Stat. 148. Lat. 0° 17°6S.,, Long. 129° 14'.5 E. Caz. 59 D. alc. go°/,. 5 specimens.

Stat. 157. Lat. 0° 32.9S., Long. 130°14'.6 E. Cat. 198 C. alc. 90°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 E. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens and Cat. 148 B.F. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 B. formald. 4°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Ca¢. 42 A. formald. 4°/,. 5 specimens.

Stat. 184. Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South-coast of Manipa-island. Cas. 142 H. alc. 90°/.. 4 specimens.

Stat. 185. Lat. 3° 20'S., Long. 127° 22'.9 E. Manipa-strait. Ca¢. 100 A. formald. 4°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 186. Lat. 3°10'.5S., Long. 127° 20'.5 E. Northside of Manipa-strait. Cat. 25 V.D. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 189%. Lat, 2°22'S., Long. 126°46'E. Cat. 65 D.J. formald. 4°/,. 2 specimens and Caz. 127 F.C. alc. go°/,. 7 specimens.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'.5S., Long. 126°39' E. Cat. 23 A.A. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 203. Lat. 3°32'5S., Long. 124°15'.5 E. Caz. 126C. ale. g0°/,. 23 specimens.

Stat. 215". West 1000 M. distant from North-point of Kabia-island reef. Cat. 128 A. alc. 90°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir-Pandjang, West-coast- of Binongka. Ca¢. 77 A. formald. 4°/.. 6 specimens and Cat. 144 B. alc. go°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 221. Lat. 6°24'S., Long. 124°39' E. Caz. 121. alc. g0°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 225. 5700 M. N. 279° E. from South-point of South Lucipara-island. Cat. 45 D. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 245. Lat. 4°16'.5 S., Long. 130°15'.8 E. Cat. 143 A. alc. g0°/,. 10 specimens.

Stat. 276. Lat. 6°47’.5S., Long. 128°40'.5 E. Caz. 138 G. alc. g0°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 304. Between Lamararap, Lomblen-island and Lamakera, Solor-island. Horizontal cylinder towed over a distance of 36 miles. Cat. 131. alc. g0°/,. One specimen.

In this new species of which we had 130 specimens (average length 7 mm. and breadth 1'/, mm.) the inferior nectophores always failed as in many other Diphyopsinae of the Siboga expedition. The preservation is insufficient as concerns stem and appendages. We looked a long time for the bud of an inferior nectophore and we had nearly given up the task, when we hit upon Cat. 80 H.I. This number contained 9 specimens of which one possessed a bud, the future inferior nectophore. Another specimen of another station (Stat. 165) showed us clearly a bud of a special gonocalyx in the oldest group of appendages. So we arranged this new species under Diphyopses, while the specific name “dzphyordes” denotes the great outward resemblance of the superior nectophore with the same in Dzphyes.

The gelatinous substance is not much developed owing to the important size of the nectosac. Still the ridges are very clearly marked. They are all slightly serrated near the base of the nectophore. There are five ridges; the apex of the nectophore is somewhat blunt. The course of the ridges is a slightly convex one.

Characteristic of the species is the absence of any development in the lateral teeth, the continuation of the lateral ridges. The basal ridges (PI. VIII, fig. 66a) have only just a slight concave course, but real lateral teeth there are none. The odd dorsal tooth is well-developed though not as much as in other Dzphyopsinae.

The nectosac is large, cylindrical, rounded, of nearly the same breadth throughout its

length; the apex is blunt. The course of its canals was not to be seen in consequence of bad

53 preservation. The position of the hydroecium is also characteristic of the species. It is situated near the base of the nectosac, so the hydroecial cavity is small. Its basal ridges are concave. The implantation of the stem is a little higher than in f.i. Diphyes contorta.

The somatocyst has in our sketch of Cat. 80 H.I. (Pl. VIII, fig. 65) a very irregular aspect. It is generally less broad, more cylindrical, but never longer or more pointed. It and the hydroecial cavity generally measure half of the length of the whole nectophore.

With the exception of one specimen all the appendages in others were badly preserved. We cannot however give any description of a group of appendages through the general state

of preservation.

32. Diphyopsis Webert nov. spec. Pl. VIII, figg. 67, 68.

Stat. 50. Bay of Badjo, West-coast of Flores. Cat. 166 C.F. formald. 4°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 93. Pulu Sanguisiapo, Tawi-Tawi-islands, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. 79 F. alc. go°},. 2 specimens.

Stat. 96. South-east side of Pearl-bank, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 99 A. alc. g0°/. 3 specimens.

Stat. 104. Sulu-harbour, Sulu-island. Ca¢. 40. formald. 4°/,. 8 specimens and Caz. 103 B. alc. go°/,. 34 specimens.

Stat. 106. Anchorage off Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Caz. gt H. formald. 4°/,. 39 specimens.

Stat. 109. Anchorage off Pulu-Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 87 A. formald. 4°/,. 28 specimens and Cat. 34 C.A. alc. 90°/,. 29 specimens.

Stat. 117%. Lat. 1° 15° N., Long. 123°37’ E. Caz. 119 C. formald. 4°/,. 33 specimens.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Caz. 80 L. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Caz. 122 C. formald. 4°/,. 8 specimens.

Stat. 146. Lat. 0°36°S., Long. 128° 32.7 E. Caz. 64 J. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

Stat. 149. Fau-anchorage and lagune, West-coast of Gebé-island. Cat. 66 A. alc. g0°/,- One specimen.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 F. formald. 4°/,. 29 specimens and Cat. 148 B.E. alc. g0°/,. 5 specimens.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 B. formald. 4°/,. 11 specimens.

Stat. 169. Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New-Guinea. Caz. 55 B. formald. Ache II specimens and Caz. 149 B. alc. 90°/,. 3 specimens.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram-Laut. Caz. 42 A. formald. 7a fee 8 specimens.

Stat. 174. Waru-bay, North-coast of Ceram. Cat. 35 D. 90°/,. 2 specimens.

Stat. 184. Anchorage off Kampong Kelang, South-coast of Manipa-island. Caz. 142 D. alc. g0°/,. 4 specimens.

Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Caz. 102 A. formald. 4°/,. 10 specimens.

Stat. 282. Lat. 8°25’.2S., Long. 127°18.4 E. Anchorage between Nusa Besi and the N.E.- point of Timor. Cat. 51 C. ale. g0°/,. 5 specimens.

Stat. 315. Anchorage East of Sailus Besar, Paternoster-islands. Cat. 129 B. alc. g0°/,. One specimen.

Of the 272 superior nectophores of this new species the average length and breadth are 7 mm. and 1'/, mm. There are no inferior nectophores. They had all dropped off, and we found in many specimens a well-developed bud for the future inferior nectophore.

The nectophores have a decidedly rounded appearance owing to the slight development of the gelatinous substance around the large nectosac. There are five ridges, clearly defined,

serrated near the base as in Diphyopszs diphyoides; their course is convex, moreover the two

54

lateral ridges bend very much to the proximal, odd dorsal one. So they are not exactly on the lateral sides of the nectophore, but more antero-lateral. They bend downwards near the basal part of the nectosac and end into two well-marked elegantly shaped lateral teeth. The dorsal tooth of the proximal ridge is curved and of the same length as the lateral ones. The nectosac is cylindrical, blunt at the apex, of nearly the same breadth throughout its length, its top is blunt. We found a dark pigment spot in the top, such as is found in Diphyopsis campanulifera, but of the course of the canals in the nectosac nothing was visible.

The hydroecium is elongate-campanulate. It is situated very near the half of the length of the nectophore, a higher position than was found in the other Dzphyopscnae of the Siboga expedition. Its limits near the antero-ventral points and the postero-ventral ones form an oblique line, the postero-ventral ridges being shorter than the antero-ventral ones. These ridges however are not concave but straight.

The somatocyst is of the same length in proportion to the hydroecial cavity as in Diphyopsis diphyoides. It seems to be a little larger near the middle-part, not being absolutely cylindrical.

Of stem and appendages nothing particular can be said owing again to the preservation. In Cat. 55 B.I. five more developed groups are to be seen, well divided one from the other; still they are not mature, for the shape of the bracts is not yet well defined. They show, besides the bud for the future gonophore, also the bud for the special gonocalyx. As Cat. 55 B.I. was the best preserved nectophore of all, we had to use it for our sketch, though the stem had detached itself from the base of the somatocyst and this makes our sketch indistinct and irregular.

We dedicate this elegant little Dzphyed to the eminent leader of the Siboga expedition.

33. Diphyopsis anomala nov. spec. Pl. VIII, fig. 69; Pl. IX, fig. 70.

Stat. 213. Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North- point of Saleyer-island. Cat. 58 G. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

A sin

panulifera in its structure and shape was found by the Siboga expedition. The course of the

gle superior nectophore of 13 mm. length resembling absolutely Dzphyopsis cam- ridges, the serrating of the teeth in the lower part of the nectocalyx, the shape of nectosac, somatocyst, hydroecium, all is identical with the same in Dzphyopsis campanulifera.

The only difference consists in the course of the canals in the nectosac which for once was very clearly marked. The nectosac itself is of a cylindrical shape, narrowing very suddenly in the upper fourth part of the nectophore and ending in a thin tube-like appendage. The course of the canals is as follows. From the base of the somatocyst a principal canal goes down probably to the base of the nectosac near the velum. This principal canal was not very easily traced.

There it divides itself into four canals, forming first an enlargement such as Cuun calls a “Gefassplatte” (92 p. 93). One of these canals is the ringcanal; it runs along the base of the nectosac, along the velum. Another canal follows the hindwall of the nectosac, goes up to the top, where another (but now a smaller) enlargement is formed and then runs down following

the anterior wall of the nectosac towards the velum; it unites at the end with the ringcanal.

55

Of the two lateral canals the left lateral one runs normally. It begins at the base, gradually leaves the hindwall, gets quite on the lateral wall and bends downwards gradually, a little way beneath the point where the nectosac is narrowing. At its base before uniting with the ringcanal it does not show any enlargement. The right lateral canal shows a very marked difference. Beginning also at the base of the nectosac it goes up following the hindwall, it gradually goes on proximally and some distance beneath the point on the other side, where the left lateral canals bend downwards, we see the development of two circles; the canal seems to divide itself into two, each branch after some time meeting the other. This anastomosing of canals appears again a second time immediately after the first circle. After the formation of the second circle the canal goes on directly to the proximal wall and unites with the dorsal canal. Another branch is sent off from the lower middle-part of the second circle and runs down on the lateral sides of the wall uniting with the ringcanal.

It seems to us that such a development of the lateral canal is only an abnormal case, and that probably the new species will be struck out before long. It is one of the first anomalies of mature Siphonophores which have been found up to this date, as Harcker described only abnormal larvae of Szphonophora (69).

The stem and appendages were well developed; there were three distinct groups in all

stages of growth and a young inferior nectophore.

34. Loose inferior nectophores of Diphyopsinae. Pl. IX, figg. 71, 72, 73. Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 80 O. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore. Stat. 220. Anchorage off Pasir Pandjang, West-coast of Binongka. Caz. 77 D. formald. 4°/.. One inferior nectophore.

Out of the immense material of loose inferior nectophores of Calycophora which through bad preservation were utterly worthless, we picked out two tiny slender specimens which through their better preservation and the clear outline of their ridges were interesting enough for description. We tried to find out to which superior nectophores of our Cadcycophoria-collection they might belong, but of course nothing definite can be said, although we rather incline to find some similarity with Dephyopsts Weberz. Looking through the litterature of Diphyes and Diphyopsis, our attention was drawn to GeGENBAUR’s work of 1854 and to Bepor’s of 1896. Bepor found near Ambon a tiny species which he called Dzphyes gracilis Ggbr.

We will not discuss the identity of the superior nectophores of Bepor’s and GEGENBAUR’s specimens, as we only have inferior ones.

In Bepor’s description we find how he disagrees with GEGENBAUR concerning the identity of Diphyes gracilis Ggbr. 54 with Diphyes acuminata Lkt. 58 and Diphyes Steboldit Koll. which he gave in a postscript in the same year.

Brepor finds Dzphyes acuminata and Diphyes Sieboldi identical and he takes Diphyes gracilis apart. In the two former species, according to Lruckart’s and KOoriixer’s description, there exists a true hydroecial canal in the inferior nectophore.

This hydroecial canal is absent in Brpor’s specimens and GrGENzAuR, although he does

not speak of any open hydroecial canal, clearly figures (54 Pl. XVI, fig. 5) how the stem and

56

appendages come out directly from the proximal part of the inferior nectophore. This implies in our opinion the absence of any hydroecial canal in the nectophore and it makes the identity with Diphyes Steboldit Koll. and Diphyes acuminata Lkt. more or less improbable. In Bepot’s Diphyes gracilis there is no hydroecial canal as the hydroecial canal “est remplacé par une “goutticre formée par les arétes du nectophore qui, en un point déterminé prennent un dévelop- “pement considérable et donnent naissance a deux lobes se recouvrant l'un l'autre” (96 p. 371).

He speaks of two lobes and on Plate XII, figure 8 he sketches only one, but as his figure is not very clearly given, it may be that this is a mistake.

Our two loose nectophores show also the development of only one lobe, the continuation of the right wall on the ventral side. This lobe quite covers up the ventral part of the necto- phore, on the other side the left wall stands out markedly but a development of a lobe does not appear. We should be willing to identify our two inferior nectophores with Bepor’s Dzphyes gracilis if in the text he had not distinctly said that there are two lobes. A small tooth-like projection is also to be found on the more distal part of the two hindridges. GrGENBAUR figures these “Zackenfortsatze’’, Brepor does not mention them.

But as in Gecenpaur’s Diphyes gractlis the ventral ridges are of the same length, we see that in our specimens the teeth of the anterior ridges are different. The left is nearly one half longer and projected into a beautifully serrated point. In Bepor’s specimen there exists a slight difference in length. Our specimens measure 3'/, mm. in length, so do Brpor's, whilst

GEGENBAUR'S specimens measure 8—g mm.

Subfam. Galeolarinae Ch. 97a.

The subfamily of the Gadeolarinae was very interesting as certain species, which had only been found in the northern seas are also represented in the Siboga-material. Unfortunately Galeolaria is very delicate and does not stand preservation so well as other Calycophora, where the gelatinous substance is more developed and the nectophores have a more facetted appearance. This fails entirely in Galeolarinae, they are exceedingly delicate. Galeolaria guadrivalvis is perhaps the most substantial of all. The nectosacs which of course in life used to be rounded, are quite flattened by preservation and wherever we found several specimens in one bottle they were so squeezed and altered as to be utterly unrecognizable. So we have been obliged to take no further notice of a great many loose superior and inferior nectophores. It was perfectly useless trying to find out to which species these shapeless things could belong. The species Galeolaria guadriwalvis Les. was easily to be distinguished from the others; firstly through the shape of the nectosac in the inferior nectophore, secondly through the course of the canals in the nectosac in both superior and inferior nectophore, and thirdly through the shape of the somatocyst and the appearance of the two lobes near the velum in the superior nectophore.

For the rest of the material we consulted Sars 46, who writes about two new species Diphyes biloba and Diphyes truncata, GEGENBAUR, who describes 54 Diphyes turgida and 60

57 Diphyes Sarsit, KeFERSTEIN and Euvers 61, who have baptized Diphyes conotdea and Diphyes ovata, and Cuun 88 who gives a description of Zpzéulia monotca, whilst in 97a he finds in the collection of the Plankton expedition Gadeolaria truncata Sars, Galeolaria biloba Sars and changes the defective generic name Ffzdulza into Galeolaria inflata and Galeolaria monoica of 1888.

Of these 8 different specific denominations only 5 ought to remain. First of all Gadeolaria (Diphyes) ovata Kef. Ehl. is a very remarkable Cadycophorid and nothing can be said definitely about it, as no other investigator since 1861 has ever found it again.

Galeolaria (Diphyes) turgida Ggbr. must remain if no somatocyst is really to be found in the superior nectophore. If we look at our sketch (Pl. IX, fig. 76) of Galeolaria monotca we wonder whether Gadeolaria (Diphyes) turgida does not possess the same microscopical somatocyst and whether Grcensavr has overlooked it. The remaining species Galeolaria (Diphyes) biloba Sars 46, Galeolaria (Diphyes) Sarsiz Gegenbaur 60, Galeolaria (Diphyes) conoida Kef. and Ehl. 61, Galeolaria (Epibulia) monotca Ch. 88, Galeolaria (Lpibulia) inflata Ch. 88 are to be distributed in our opinion among the three species, Galeolaria bcloba Sars 46, Galeolaria trun- cata Sars 46 and Galeolaria monoica Ch. 88.

We find with CHuN 97a that Galeolaria biloba Sars and Galeolaria (Diphyes) Sarsii Ggbr. 60 are identical. GEGENBAUR speaks of a narrowing of the nectosac near the aperture in the superior nectophore but we do not find any special notice of this particularity either in Sars’ figures or text. As far as we can judge both description and figures of Sars and GEGENBAUR are for the rest identical.

Galeolarta truncata Sars is according to us also a very definite species; and we should like to identify with it KerersTern and Euters’ Diphyes conotdea; there seems to be no difference and we should like to add also Cuun’s Zpzdulea tnflata, though there are no figures given and the text is incomplete as to the exact structure of the basal part of the superior nectophore. If ventral lobes are not developed, Apzdulia znflata is to be considered identical with Galeolaria truncata but we cannot find this out, as Cuun’s description is unfinished.

Another difference between Cuun’s and Sars’ specimens might be the ventral enlargement in the nectosac of the superior nectophore which according to Cuun appears in Zpzbulia inflata and which if one looks at Sars’ figures (Taf. 7, figg. 1, 3) seems not to exist in the species. In the text however we find (46 p. 42) “Inwendig in diesen Knorpelstiicken sind zwei Hohlen, “nahmlich ausser dem so ebengenannten Fliissigkeitsbehalter eine grosse Schwimmhéhle (oder “ein Schwimmsack) die kurzcylindrisch, in der Mitte etwas bauchig gegen das vordere Ende “etwas zugespitzt ist....”

Finally Galeolaria (Lpibulia) monoica Ch. is a species characterized by the excessive smallness of the somatocyst and “die abweichende Bildung der sogenannten Verschlussklappen “am Schirmrande”.

What this deviation in structure is, CuuNn does not tell. As we found two superior necto- phores which show both characteristics we called it Galeolardia monoica, hoping that the structure of the lobes near the velum should happen to be the same as in Cuun’s specimens.

In the Siboga expedition we found besides Gadleolaria guadrivalvis Less., also Galeolaria

biloba Sars, Galeolaria monoica Ch. and a new species which we call Gadeolaria Chunt.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE IX, 8

Galeolaria Vogt. 54.

Galeolaria quadrivalvis Les. Pl. IX, fig. 74.

Qe On

Epibulia aurantiaca Vogt. 51.

Epibulia filiformis Lkt. 53.

Galeolaria aurantiaca Vogt. 54.

Diphyes quadrivalvis Ggbr. 54.

Galeolaria filiformis Lkt. 54.

Diphyes quadrivalvis Kef. et Ehl. 61. Epibulia aurantiaca var. canariensis Ch. 88. Galeolaria quadrivalvis Ch. 97a.

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Stat. 99. Anchorage off North-Ubian June 28 and 29 to the West, June 30 to the East of the island. Cat. 70 B. alc. go°/,. One loose superior, one loose inferior nectophore.

Stat. 117°. Lat. 1°15’ N., Long. 123°37' E. Cat. 119 Fx (2). formald. 4°/,. 2 loose inferior nectophores.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakié-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122 G. (2). formald. 4°/,. 2 loose superior, 2 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 146. Lat. 0° 36’ S., Long. 128° 32'.7 E. Caz. 64 F. (1). formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 148. Lat. 0° 17'.6S., Long. 129° 14.5 E. Cat. 160 A. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 L. (2). formald. 4°/,. 4 superior nectophores, 2 inferior nectophores, some loose stems and appendages.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'5 S., Long. 126°39 E. Cat. 23 A.E. (2). formald. 4°/,. One imifeaor nectophore.

Stat. 213. Saleyer-anchorage and surroundings, including Pulu Pasi Tanette, near the North- point of Saleyer-island. Caz. 58 H. formald. 4°/,. One inferior nectophore.

The Siboga expedition caught 8 loose superior nectophores, 10 loose inferior nectophores of the well known Gadeolaria guadrivalvis Les. The species has been especially well described by Vocr under the name of Galeolaria aurantiaca and by GrGrNBAUR as Diphyes guadrivaluis. Up to the expedition of the Siboga none were described from the tropical Pacific, excepting perhaps Huxtey’s Galeolaria filiformis of which he found only an inferior nectophore. But it seems that its inferior nectophore did not show the characteristic double narrowing of the nectosac and it is doubtful whether this species is authentically a Galeolaria quadrivalvis. CHUN too 88 mentions that in the specimens of Zf72dulia aurantiaca of the Canary-islands the characteristic narrowing was less developed. This and a slight difference in the shape of the teeth near the velum distinguish them from e.g. GEGENBAUR’s specimens. He calls them Apzbulia aurantiaca var. canariensts.

The inferior nectophores of our material all distinctly show the characteristic nectosac of the Galeolaria guadrivalvis Les. They do not differ at all from the descriptions given by the other authors.

We give a sketch of one of the best preserved loose superior nectophores, as there was no complete specimen left. In none of these loose superior nectophores is the least trace left of stem and appendages. The gonophores ripen on the stem, they are not detached

from it. We found two long stems with many groups of appendages, the O&’ gonophores very

3)

much developed. The length of the superior nectophores varies between 5'/, and 10 mm., of the inferior nectophores between 7 and 13 mm., one surpasses them all in length; it measures 18 mm.

36. Galeolaria biloba M. Sars. Pl. IX, fig. 75. = Diphyes biloba M. Sars 46.

Stat. 50. Bay of Badjo. West-coast of Flores. Cat. 166 C.C. formald. 4°/,. 3 superior nectophores. Stat. 106. Anchorage of Kapul-island, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 91 E. formald. 4°/,. One superior

nectophore. Stat. 109. Anchorage off Pulu Tongkil, Sulu-archipelago. Cat. 87 E. alc. 90°/,. 5 superior nectophores.

Stat. 117%. Lat. 1°15’ N., Long. 123° 37’ E. Cat. 119 E. (I). formald. 4°/,. 44 superior nectophores.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Caz. 80 G. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores, 2 inferior and Cat. 67 B.H. alc. go°/, one superior nectophore of ? Galeolaria biloba M. Sars.

Stat. 144. Anchorage North of Salomakiée-(Damar-)island. Cat. 122G. (I). formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore, 4 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 146. Lat. 0°36'S., Long. 128°32'7 E. Caz. 64 F. (2). formald. 4°/,. One inferior necto- phore of ? Galeolaria biloba M. Sars.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island. (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 164 L. (1). formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 E. (2). formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 169. Anchorage off Atjatuning, West-coast of New-Guinea. Caz. 55 E. formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Cat. 42 F. (1). formald. 4°/..

2 superior nectophores. Lat. 2° 22'S., Long. 126° 46’ E. Cat. 65 D.F. (1). formald. 4°/,. One superior, 3 inferior nectophores.

Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126° 39’ E. Caz. 23 A.E. (1). formald. 4°/,. 4 superior nectophores.

Stat. 194—197. (194 = Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126°39' E. 195 = Lat. 1°55’S., Long. 126° 50'.7 E. 150 —eaty tat 2-0 Ss) lone. 12720) BH. 197 — Wat. 1745/3)S.) long. 1270873 E.). Cat. 75 B.B. alc. go°/,. One superior nectophore.

Stat. 229. Lat. 4°23'S., Long. 128°45.5 E. Cat. 82 C. formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

4

Stat. 189%.

The length of the superior nectophores in the different specimens of Gadeolaria biloba is extremely varied; we find some from 4'/,—11 mm. length; the inferior nectophores measure from 5—10 mm. They are all more or less damaged by preservation. With Sars’ Diphyes 6cloba we identify GrGEenpaur’s Difhyes Sarstz, though in Sars’ specimens the gelatinous substance is more developed than in GrGENBAUuR’s Diphyes Sarsez. But we do not find this a characteristic difference as in our specimens we found also some difference in the development of the gelatinous substance. Otherwise both Sars’ description and GrGEeNnBavr’s coincide absolutely with our material.

So we distinguished two different kinds of nectophores in them: 1°

those whose gelatinous substance is not well developed around the nectosac and whose somatocyst is tolerably large in relation to the whole length of the nectophores and 2° those whose gelatinous substance is well developed and whose somatocyst is comparatively small. In the first case we nearly always found the remnants of a stem and appendages (PI. IX, fig. 75). Both kinds of nectophores show the characteristic structure in the inferior part near the velum.

On the dorsal side no teeth are developed, whilst ventrally on the proximal side we

60

see two deeply emarginate lobes which slightly overlap each other. Comparing Sars’ figures (Pl. 7, fig. 16) one sees the great resemblance that exists between Sars’ specimens and ours. The nectosac is extremely muscular; it has the shape of a Phrygian cap; its top is rounded; ventrally it is somewhat enlarged, so is the gelatinous substance on that side. The canals in the nectosac have the same course as in Galeolaria quadrivalvis, that is to say the lateral canals are connected through a small side-canal to the ventral one; this occurs in the posterior third part of the nectosac. The somatocyst is small (about '/, of the whole length of the nectophore), it is rounded, of nearly the same breadth over its whole length; in those nectophores where it is more developed, it gets more or less the shape of the somatocyst of Galeolarza guadriwalvts.

The stem and its appendages are all broken off and contracted; where some appendages were left, we only found a few buds of which one would be the future inferior nectophore.

In Sars’ material the inferior nectophore had probably become detached and a new young one was being developed, as is shown by his sketches. GrGENbAuR 60 describes and figures one; it appears that posteriorly the ventral facet is elongated into two lobes.

Our material also contained loose inferior nectophores, but it was difficult to determine to which species they had belonged. Those which have a nectosac whose canals run like those in the inferior nectophores of Gadleolaria quadrivalvis, might have belonged to Gadeolariz dzloba, as GEGENBAUR also describes this in his specimens, and in the other species Galeolaria truncata, conotdea and zzflata the canals run as in ordinary inferior nectophores of Dzphyopsinae. They resemble those of Huxiry’s Gadeolaria filiformis. Huxtry wrongly identified this inferior necto- phore with Gadleolaria guadrivalvis, but the nectosac does not show the characteristic narrowings. His specimen is closely connected with the inferior nectophores of our material and as his specimen was caught in the Indian ocean it may be that it too belongs to Galeolaria ézloba.

As to our inferior nectophores belonging to Gadeolarza monoica nothing positive can be said as Cuun’s description does not contain any detail concerning the course of the canals in

the inferior nectophore.

37. Galeolaria monoica Ch. Pl. IX, figg. 76, 77.

= LEpibulia monoica Ch. 88. = Galeolaria monoica Ch. 97 a.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Caz. 97 E. (1). formald. 4°/,. One superior necto- phore, length 11 mm.

Stat. 172. Gisser; anchorage between this island and Ceram Laut. Caz. 42 F. (2). formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore, length 11 mm.

Cuun’s short and incomplete description of Gadleolaria monoica given in 1888 permitted us to recognize two characteristics of the species namely the extraordinarily small size of the somatocyst and the complicated structure of the teeth surrounding the velum in two badly preserved superior nectophores of the Siboga material.

The size of the somatocyst is comparatively exceedingly small, (PI. IX, fig. 76 + 1/,. of the whole length of the nectophore measured from top to the base of the somatocyst) that is

to. say nearly invisible, and we suppose therefore that GrGEenBaur’s Diphyes turgida 54 might

61

stand in some relation to Cuun’s Galeolaria monoica. As to the complication of the teeth at the basal part of the nectophore Cuun does not give any detail at all, and we are quite in the dark as to what he means. In our two specimens we found the following structure. In Pl. IX, fig. 77 we give a sketch of the lower part of the nectophore seen from the dorsal side, the hinderwall of the nectosac slightly turned upwards. Proximally two lobes are developed, which are of the same length, the right one overlaps the left one so that nearly half of the latter is covered. Opposite on the ventral side, near the hinderwall of the nectosac, are three lobes of an irregular shape, the two lateral ones are larger, especially their outer margin is longer, so that they have an inclined position towards the central odd lobe, which is very much narrower. All three have the pecularity of possessing at their top an irregular swelling which looks as if it had been pasted on the round ends of these lobes. Between the two dorsal and the three ventral lobes are situated laterally two lobes one on each side. These have the shape of an oar beginning as a narrow tube, gradually widening and ending more or less clubshaped. These lateral lobes are twice as long as the dorsal ones. In our figure they are bent towards the interior of the nectosac, probably through contraction by preservation. We wonder whether Cuun’s “abweichende Bildung” has some resemblance to our structure of the basal part of the nectophore.

The canals in the nectosac were entirely invisible through bad preservation.

No trace of stem and appendages or inferior nectophore was to be found.

38. Galeolaria Chuni nov. spec. Pl. IX, figg. 78, 79.

Stat. 168. Anchorage North of Sabuda-island. Cat. 97 E. (3). formald. 4°/,. 2 superior nectophores. Stat. 194. Lat. 1°53'.5 S., Long. 126°39'E. Caz. 23 A.E. (3). formald. 4°/,. One superior nectophore.

The three superior nectophores of this new species measure 4, 41/,, 3'/, mm. They are the smallest Ga/eolarznae which have been found up to this date.

They differ from Gadeolaria biloba (Sarsit) and monotca in the course of the canals which is as in Dephyopsenae, the lateral canals not standing in any connection with the ventral one and they differ from Gadeolarza truncata in the presence of two small lobes (Pl. IX, fig. 79) at the ventral posterior part of the nectophore, whilst any resemblance to Cuun’s Galeolaria inflata cannot be made out as his description 88 is insufficient. A difference between the two can be found in the length of the somatocyst which in Gadleolaria wnflata attains “is of the whole length of the nectophore, whilst in Gadeolarca Chunz it surpasses half the length. The somatocyst is very much developed, narrows gradually towards its base; its superior third part runs closely near the hinderwall of the nectosac.

No trace of stem or appendages was to be found.

62

Fam. Potypuyipae Chun 82.

Subfam. Hippopodiinae Koll. 53.

Hippopodius Quoy et Gaimard.

39. Llippopodius luteus Q. et G. Pl. IX, fig. 80.

= Gleba excisa Otto 23.

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Hippopodius luteus Q. et G. 27. Hippopodius luteus Eschsch. 29. Stephanomia hippopoda Q. et G. 33. Elephantopus neapolitanus Less. 43. Hippopodius neapolitanus Koll. 53. Hippopodius luteus Vogt 54. Hippopodius gleba Lkt. 54. Hippopodius gleba Kef. et Ehl. 61. Hippopodius luteus Ch. 88. Hippopodius gleba Hkl. 88a. Hippopodius luteus Ch. 97 a.

= Hippopodius hippopus Schneider 98.

Stat. Stat.

Stat.

Stat. Stat.

Stat.

Stat.

I4t. 148.

185.

276.

fo}

atv iO-Als.9 Longn27 Wats On ti7 co onesie

25.3. Cat. 44 D. formald. 4°/,. 2 loose nectophores.

9° 14.5 E. Cat. 161 C. formald. 4°/,. 2 loose nectophores and Cat. 37 B. alc. 90°/,. 5 loose nectophores.

Lat. 3°20'S., Long. 127°22'.9 E. Caz. 49 B. formald. 4°/,. 2 complete specimens,

4 loose nectophores.

. Lat. 6°40'.6S., Long. 123°14'.7 E. Cat. 168 A. formald. 4°/,. 2 loose nectophores. . 5700 M. N. 279° E. from South-point of South Lucipara-island. Cat. 146 B. alc. 90°/,.

3, loose nectophores.

. Lat. 4°30'.2S., Long. 129°25’E. Caz. 158 A. formald. 4°/,. 3 loose nectophores,

one of them with appendages. Lat. 6°47'.5S., Long. 128°40'.5 E. Cat. 105 A. formald. 4°/,. 7 loose nectophores.

Of Hippopodius luteus we can only give a sketch of one of the 30 loose nectophores

which occurred in the material of the Siboga. It will be seen that it does not differ at all from

the Atlantic and Mediterranean species.

It seems a pity that no more complete specimens were found, especially as the alcohol

ones were very much altered. Altogether the material is not interesting.

The nectophores measured from 5—15 mm. in length.

CEA ANE Rail:

I]. Ordo PHYSOPHORA Eschsch. 29.

I. Legio HartopHysaE Ch. 88.

Subordo Puysonecta Hkl. 88a.

Fam. Forsxatipar Hkl. 88a.

Forskalia Koll. 40. Forskalia contorta M. Edwards. PI. X, fig. 81; Pl. XI, fig. 84.

= Stephanomia contorta M. Edwards 41. = ? Stephanomia prolifera M. Edwards 41. = Apolemia Edwardsi Less. 43.

= ? Apolemia prolifera Less. 43.

= Stephanomia contorta Lkt. 53.

= Forskalia ophiura Lkt. 54.

= Forskalia formosa Kef. & Ehl. 61. = Forskali ophiura Kef. & Ehl. 61.

= Forskaliopsis ophiura Hkl. 886.

= Forskalia ophiura Ch. 88.

= Forskalia contorta Bedot 93.

Stat. 143. Lat. 1°4'.5S., Long. 127°52'.6 E. Cat. 114. formald. 4°/,- One specimen. Stat. 185. Lat. 3°20'S., Long. 127°22'.9 E. Manipa-strait from 1536 M. to surface. Cad. 165 B. formald. 4°/,. One specimen.

The family of the /orskalidae is one of the most complicated as to the systematic nomenclature and it was Brpor 98 who tried to introduce order into the chaos. He tried to find some characteristic by which he could distinguish the species one from the other and he chose the presence or absence of pigment-spots in the nectophores and their relative position in these structures.

There are hardly any Szphonophores known which change so entirely in the preserving fluids. We had the opportunity of observing in Naples beautiful living specimens of Furskalia Edwardst Koll. and Forskalia Leuckartit Bedot. When quite fresh, they possess all their

appendages and it is a fine sight to watch the graceful movements of one of the complete

64

specimens of Forvskalidae. But a slight touch against the glass in which they are swimming about, immediately causes them to lose quantities of appendages, especially bracts and nectophores. After some time more and more appendages detach themselves. On one occasion we have added to the seawater a small quantity of formaldehyd 4°/, in one basin, of alc. go0°/, in another. The effect was instantaneous; the two complete /orskaZa instantly dropped all their bracts and nectophores, the greater part of the siphons, tentacles, palpons, gonophores followed and there remained nothing at the bottom of the glass of these wonderful specimens of several centimeters in length but a tiny, whitish structure. This consisted of the pneumatophore, a few buds of nectophores and the entirely contracted stem with a few buds of appendages, the whole only measuring a few mm.

This taught us what we had to expect from the Siboga material as we knew that with only a few exceptions all the SzAhonophores were immediately put into alcohol or formaldehyd. And a great many /orskalidae only consisting of the appendages mentioned above were found; they could not be determined. Some others had a few more appendages, they consisted ot parts of better preserved specimens and again a few were just sufficiently well-preserved to be compared with the /orskalzdae described by former authors.

We could identify two specimens with /orskalia contorta M. Edw. (Cat. 114 and Cat. 165 B.) one of which was sketched (Pl. X, fig. 81).

That it is a Forskalza is easily recognized by the several mature nectophores situated in a spiral row around the stem and by the side branches of the stem, the pedicles of the siphons. These are the two characteristics by which we identified these two specimens of /orskalia. For the determination of the species we thought of /orskalia contortfa as the shape of the nectophores is absolutely the same as M. Epwarps gave in his very clear work in 1841. The characteristic given by Bepor of the absence of any pigment near the canals of the nectophore unfortunately applied to all our /orskalidae, as they had probably lost all their pigment-spots through the preserving fluids and not the least trace could be found of them. But there were other differences in structure by which the other /orskalidae could be determined.

The length of Cat. 114 (Pl. X, fig. 81) is about 15 mm. measured from the top of the most proximal nectophore to the aperture of one of the most distal siphons; the greatest breadth of the nectosome is 10 mm., the length of the nectosome or the place for the implantation of the nectophores on the stem is 3 mm.; the distance of the youngest siphon and the eldest siphon is about 10 mm. The pneumatophore (PI. X, fig. 81) is shapeless, it seems to be damaged by preservation.

The nectosome (Pl. X, fig. 81) is very much contracted through preservation as there are only seven mature nectophores left. These are well developed; the nectosac is especially broad at its base, the two wings on each side well-developed. The aperture is broad too, nearly one third of the whole breadth of the nectosac.

The gelatinous substance never exceeds to any extent the outer wall of the nectosac; it has no winglike expansions as is the case in /orskalia formosa. At the base of the canal of the nectosac are two curved blind branches of the same, which were also described by former

authors. The canals in the nectosac itself were clearly to be seen.

65

Of the entirely altered siphosome only six siphons are left, a few palpons, tentacles and tentilla and gonostyles with immature gonophores.

The stem of the siphosome is absolutely contracted; therefore exceedingly muscular. All the different side-branches with or without siphons are now situated close to one another. The siphons show clearly their villi; the tentilla consist of one spiral cnidoband, built of two kinds of cnidocysts, ending in a filament consisting of a multitude of small cnidocysts (Pl. X, fig. 84).

It should be borne in mind that figures such as those given for preserved material give an absolutely different impression of /orskalia when alive.

41. Forskaha Edwardsi Koll. Pl. X, figg. 82

= Forskaha Edwards Koll. 53.

= Stephanomia contorta Vgt. 51.

== Apolemia contorta Vgt. 53.

= Forskalia Edwards Kef. Ehl. 61. = Forskalia Edwardsi Cis. 63.

=: ? Forskalia atlantica Fewk. 82.

= Forskalia Edwardsu Hkl. 886.

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 215 J. formald. 4°/,. One specimen of ? Forskalia Ed- wards Koll.

Stat. 165. Anchorage on North-east side of Daram-island (False Pisangs), East-coast of Misool. Cat. 46, 171, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187. formald. 4°/,. 9 specimens.

The 9 specimens belonging to the same station are all comparatively in the same state of preservation; their length, measured from the pneumatophore to the aperture of the eldest siphon, varies from 1—2 cm., their breadth from 4—5 mm.

They are not absolutely colourless, as the pigment-spots in the upper part of the pneu- matophore are well-developed. Unfortunately the pigment near the canals in the nectosac has been destroyed, owing to the influence of the preserving fluids.

We give a sketch of Cat. 183 (Pl. X, fig. 82) which shows that a great many more appendages are left than in Forskalia contorta. Through contraction, however, every appendage has lost its natural place on the stem. That is why the general appearance as is given in Pl. X, fig. $2, is such a very singular one. The nectosome has surely been much longer, as its stem is very broad and muscular and we saw in the living specimens how it may become nearly thread-like.

The nectophores are wedge-shaped, a characteristic of Forskalia Edwardsz; this is to be seen in the other specimens, the mature nectophores absolutely failing in Cat. 183. The canals of the nectosac are clearly seen.

The pedicles of the siphons are in some specimens not quite contracted, the original rounded shape of the siphosome in preserved specimens therefore does not differ so much from living ones. Many palpons, a few bracts are scattered between the other appendages on the stem. A few bracts are still well-preserved and have the same shape as KoOr.iker describes 58. The tentilla and their tentacle are also present in great number; they do not differ from those in forskaha contorta.

SIBOGA-EXPEDITIE IX. Y)

66

Female and male gonophores on their gonostyles and gonopalpons are present in all stages of development.

Cat. 215 J (Pl. X, fig. 83) is a specimen which through contraction has lost more of its appendages than those of Stat. 165. It resembles therefore in this respect more the /orskata contorta of the Siboga material. It shows again how Forskafza changes through preservation.

Some specimens of /orskalidae were entirely unrecognizable through the absence of the most necessary appendages.

They belong to:

Stat. 136. Ternate-anchorage. Cat. 71 C.D.E.G. alc. 90°/,. 4 specimens. State 1c6s Wats 2° 1oessSs Wuonga927> 20.5) Gar, 25sU-sOncmspecimen: Stat. 189%. Lat. 2°22'S., Long. 126°46'E. Caz. 127 E. alc. go°/,. One siphon. Stat. 205. Lohio-bay, Buton-strait. Cat. 50 A. alc. g0°/,. One specimen.

Erenna Bedot. 42. Erenna Bedoti nov. spec. Pl. XI, figg. 85—9g0.

Maurice Bepor describes in his “Siphonophores provenant des campagnes du yacht “Princesse Alice (Monaco 1904)” tentacles of a Szphonophore apparently unknown up to that date which he called Zrenna Richard’. The fragments he found are not sufficient to his opinion to give Evenna a definite place in the system but he thinks it not improbable it belongs to the order Physophora (Physonecta). We found in the Siboga material a specimen which possesses tentacles resembling those of Zrenna Richardi. We therefore called this only specimen Lrezna, using a new specific denomination “ Bedozz’’ as of course we cannot decide whether the tentacles described by Brpor belonged to a specimen entirely identical with ours.

Provisionally we place Zrenna with the Forskalidae.

The sketch of the whole specimen (PI. XI, figg. 85, 86) is perhaps somewhat difficult to understand. We found first of all that the nectostem with its pneumatophore and